HON.  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER 


JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER 

(Late  a  Senator  from  Iowa) 

MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES 

DELIVERED  IN  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF 
REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

SIXTY-FIRST  CONGRESS 
THIRD  SESSION 


Proceedings  in  the  Senate  Proceedings  in  the  House 

February  18,  1911  February  26,  1911 


COMPILED  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF 
THE  JOINT  COMMITTEE  ON  PRINTING 


WASHINGTON 
1911 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Page. 

Proceedings  in  the  Senate 5 

Prayer  by  Rev.  Ulysses  G.  B.  Pierce,  D.  D 5,  7 

Memorial  addresses  by — 

Mr.  Cummins,  of  Iowa __  9 

Mr.  Cullom,  of  Illinois 15 

Mr.  Tillman,  of  South  Carolina 20 

Mr.  Beveridge,  of  Indiana 22 

Mr.  Clapp,  of  Minnesota 30 

Mr.  La  Follette,  of  Wisconsin _  36 

Mr.  Gore,  of  Oklahoma 41 

Mr.  Chamberlain,  of  Oregon 46 

Mr.  Young,  of  Iowa _  54 

Proceedings  in  the  House 72 

Prayer  by  Rev.  Henry  N.  Couden,  D.  D 73 

Memorial  addresses  by — 

Mr.  Hubbard,  of  Iowa 75 

Mr.  Woods,  of  Iowa 81 

Mr.  Norris,   of  Nebraska 87 

Mr.  Pickett,  of  Iowa 91 

Mr.  Kennedy,  of  Iowa 98 

Mr.  Lenroot,  of  Wisconsin 100 

Mr.  Kendall,  of  Iowa 103 

Mr.  Hull,  of  Iowa 106 

Mr.  Sulzer,  of  New  York 109 

Mr.  Dawson,  of  Iowa 112 

Mr.  Martin,  of  South  Dakota 120 

Mr.  Good,  of  Iowa 125 

Mr.  Clark,  of  Missouri 129 

Mr.  Haugen,  of  Iowa 135 

Mr.  Smith,  of  Iowa 139 

[3] 


DEATH  OF  HON.  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  THE  SENATE 

DECEMBER  5,  1910. 

The  Vice  President  (James  S.  Sherman,  of  New  York) 
called  the  Senate  to  order  at  12  o'clock  noon.  , 

The  Chaplain,  Rev.  Ulysses  G.  B.  Pierce,  D.  D.,  offered 
the  following  prayer: 

Almighty  God,  our  heavenly  Father,  in  whose  presence 
we  now  stand,  look  with  favor,  we  pray  Thee,  upon  Thy 
waiting  servants  now  before  Thee,  and  graciously  hear 
the  common  supplication  which  with  one  heart  and  with 
one  mind  we  make  unto  Thee. 

The  absent  faces  remind  us  anew  that  it  is  not  in  us 
who  walk  to  direct  our  steps,  and  that  we  are  ever  de- 
pendent upon  Thee,  without  whom  not  a  sparrow  falleth. 
We  remember  before  Thee,  our  Father,  those  of  our  body 
whom  Thou  hast  called  from  these  earthly  courts  to 
Thine  higher  service,  and  pray  that  there  as  here  they 
may  be  compassed  about  by  Thine  everlasting  arms. 

And  for  us,  as  we  gird  ourselves  for  the  work  to  which 
Thou  hast  called  us,  we  pray  that  we  may  be  guided  by 
Thy  wisdom  and  upheld  by  Thy  strength;  that  this  ses- 
sion, begun  in  Thy  name,  may  be  continued  by  Thy 
grace  and  ended  to  Thy  glory. 

And  unto  the  name  which  is  above  every  name  will  we 
render  praise,  now  and  forevermore.  Amen. 

[5] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

Mr.  CUMMINS.  Mr.  President,  it  has  become  my  duty, 
and  a  very  sad  duty  it  is,  to  announce  to  the  Senate  the 
death  of  my  colleague,  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER.  He  died 
at  his  home  in  the  city  of  Fort  Dodge  on  the  15th  day  of 
October. 

At  another  time  I  shall  ask  the  Senate  to  designate  a 
day  upon  which  we  can  consider  and  reflect  tm  his  great 
personal  worth  and  his  distinguished  public  service.  At 
this  time  I  offer  the  following  resolutions. 

The  VICE  PRESIDENT.  The  Secretary  will  read  the  resolu- 
tions offered  by  the  Senator  from  Iowa. 

The  Secretary  read  the  resolutions,  as  follows : 

Resolved,  That  the  Senate  has  heard  with  profound  sorrow  of 
the  death  of  the  Hon.  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER,  late  a  Senator  from 
the  State  of  Iowa. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  communicate  a  copy  of  these  reso- 
lutions to  the  House  of  Representatives. 

The  VICE  PRESIDENT.  The  question  is  on  agreeing  to  the 
resolutions. 
The  resolutions  were  unanimously  agreed  to. 


JANUARY  21,  1911. 

Mr.  BACON.  Mr.  President,  I  desire  to  give  notice,  speak- 
ing for  my  colleague  and  myself,  and  also  for  the 
Senators  from  Iowa,  that  on  Saturday,  the  18th  day  of 
February,  we  shall  ask  the  Senate,  at  half  past  2  o'clock, 
to  suspend  the  ordinary  business  for  the  purpose  of 
listening  to  tributes  to  be  paid  to  the  memory  of  my 
former  colleague,  Mr.  Clay,  and  of  the  former  Senator 
from  Iowa,  Mr.  DOLLIVER. 


[6] 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  THE  SENATE 


SATURDAY,  February  18,  1911. 

The  Chaplain,  Rev.  Ulysses  G.  B.  Pierce,  D.  D.,  offered 
the  following  prayer: 

Eternal  God,  our  heavenly  Father,  with  whom  do  live 
the  spirits  of  them  that  depart  hence  and  with  whom  the 
souls  of  the  faithful  evermore  dwell,  to  Thee  alone  can 
we  turn  in  this  hour  of  sorrow  and  of  loss.  Thy  com- 
passions have  been  ever  of  old,  and  because  Thy  faith- 
fulness changeth  not,  therefore  are  we  not  cast  down. 
As  Thou  dost  call  us  to  this  day  of  memory,  when  not  as 
we  would  but  as  we  are  able  we  speak  forth  the  praise 
of  Thy  servants,  help  us,  we  pray  Thee,  by  the  light  of 
their  lives  to  be  faithful  in  duty,  loyal  to  the  service  of 
our  country,  and  obedient  to  the  heavenly  vision,  because 
of  those  who  walk  no  more  with  us  on  earth. 

And  unto  Thee,  who  art  the  light  of  them  that  sit  in 
darkness  and  who  dost  comfort  all  that  mourn,  giving 
beauty  for  ashes,  the  oil  of  joy  for  mourning,  and  the 
garment  of  praise  for  the  spirit  of  heaviness,  will  we 
ascribe  praise  now  and  for  evermore.  Amen. 


Mr.  CUMMINS.  Mr.  President,  I  offer  the  resolutions 
which  I  send  to  the  desk. 

The  PRESIDING  OFFICER  (Mr.  Chamberlain  in  the  chair). 
The  Secretary  will  read  the  resolutions  submitted  by  the 
Senator  from  Iowa. 

The  resolutions  were  read,  considered  by  unanimous 
consent,  and  unanimously  agreed  to,  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  the  Senate  has  heard  with  profound  sorrow  of 
the  death  of  the  Hon.  JONATHAN  PRENTISS  DOLLIVER,  late  a  Senator 
from  the  State  of  Iowa. 


[7] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

Resolved,  That  as  a  mark  of  respect  to  the  memory  of  the 
deceased  Senator  the  business  of  the  Senate  be  now  suspended  to 
enable  his  associates  to  pay  proper  tribute  to  his  high  character 
and  distinguished  public  services. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  communicate  a  copy  of  these  reso- 
lutions to  the  House  of  Representatives  and  transmit  a  copy 
thereof  to  the  family  of  the  deceased  Senator. 


[8] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CUMMINS,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  JONATHAN  PRENTISS  DOLLIVER  was  born 
in  the  country,  not  far  from  Kingwood,  Preston  County, 
Va.,  now  West  Virginia,  on  the  6th  day  of  February,  1858. 
His  father  was  a  Methodist  minister — a  circuit  rider  of 
the  old  times — of  New  England  ancestry.  His  mother 
was  a  southern  woman  of  gentle  grace  and  dignity.  His 
early  boyhood  was  spent  largely  upon  the  farm  of  his 
maternal  grandparents,  where  he  was  born.  He  entered 
the  West  Virginia  University  while  still  very  young  and 
graduated  in  1875,  at  the  age  of  17,  with  the  scientific 
honor  of  his  class.  Very  soon  thereafter  he  turned  his 
face  to  the  West,  taught  school  in  Illinois  for  a  brief 
period,  and  then  settled  down  in  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa,  where 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878.  The  promise  of  a 
brilliant  career  in  his  chosen  profession,  so  obvious  to 
those  who  knew  him,  had  brief  opportunity  for  fulfill- 
ment, for,  after  one  unsuccessful  effort  before  the  district 
convention,  he  was  nominated  and  elected  to  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  1888,  and  from  that  time  forward 
his  life  was  given  to  his  country,  and  his  great  mind  and 
faithful  heart  were  devoted  to  the  service  of  his  fellow 
men  in  the  discussion  of  moral,  economic,  and  political 
questions  either  in  the  House,  the  Senate,  or  in  the  forum 
of  the  people. 

He  was  continuously  a  Member  of  the  House  from 
March  4,  1889,  until  August  2,  1900,  when  he  was  ap- 

[9] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

pointed  to  the  Senate  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  John  H.  Gear.  He  was  elected  to  the  Senate  by 
the  Legislature  of  Iowa  in  1902  and  again  in  1907.  He 
was  married  in  November,  1895,  to  Miss  Louisa  Pearsons, 
a  most  accomplished  woman,  who,  in  the  best  and  highest 
sense,  was  a  helpmate  in  all  the  remaining  arduous  years 
of  his  life,  and  whose  loving  concern,  loyal  zeal,  and  wise 
counsels  contributed  mightily  to  his  distinguished  career. 
Of  this  union  three  children  were  born — Margaret, 
Frances,  and  George  Prentiss.  He  died  at  his  home  in 
Fort  Dodge  on  the  15th  day  of  October,  1910,  leaving 
behind  him  his  wife,  his  three  children,  two  sisters,  and 
a  brother. 

This  is  the  meager  outline  of  one  of  the  most  con- 
spicuous and  one  of  the  most  fruitful  lives  of  our  day 
and  generation,  and  the  Senate  has  now  turned  aside 
from  its  usual  work  to  survey  for  a  brief  time  this  tower- 
ing figure  which  so  lately,  in  vigor  and  strength,  walked 
to  and  fro  through  this  Chamber  and  which  but  a  short 
while  ago  stood  on  this  very  spot  quivering  all  over  with 
righteous  fervor  and  patriotic  enthusiasm,  delivering  the 
last  and  greatest  speech  of  his  life  in  the  Senate;  a 
philippic,  an  argument,  an  appeal;  a  masterpiece  in  the 
annals  of  this  historic  body;  an  oration  that  will  never 
be  forgotten  by  those  who  heard  it  and  that  will  be  read 
by  future  generations  with  increasing  delight,  so  long  as 
good  literature  is  admired  and  so  long  as  freedom  of 
political  thought  and  public  action  are  preserved  among 
men.  As  I  listened  to  it  I  thought  of  the  remark  made 
by  Webster  in  explanation  of  his  famous  speech,  "  I  only 
had  to  reach  out  my  hand  and  grasp  the  thunderbolts 
as  they  went  smoking  by." 

We  did  not  know  it,  and  maybe  he  did  not,  but  the 
hand  of  death  was  even  then  upon  him,  and  in  this 
memorable  address  he  seemed  to  gather  up  all  his  expir- 

[10] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CUMMINS,  OF  IOWA 


ing  energies;  his  strength  stiffened,  his  power  grew,  and 
he  swept  on  and  up  to  his  highest  point  of  human  attain- 
ment; and  this  was  his  farewell  to  the  Senate  and  to  the 
world.  What  an  exit  from  the  stage  of  human  activi- 
ties! What  an  entrance  into  the  mysteries  of  the  life 
beyond ! 

I  did  not  know  Senator  DOLLIVER'S  mother,  but  I  knew 
his  father  well,  and  knowing  him,  I  would  have  been  sur- 
prised if  the  son  had  been  other  than  he  was.  The  father 
was  a  striking  character.  Filled  with  religious  faith  that 
knew  no  shadow  of  doubt,  he  fashioned  his  life  accord- 
ingly and  turned  neither  to  the  right  nor  left  from  the 
path  of  duty.  He  never  temporized  nor  compromised. 
He  knew  but  one  way  to  deal  with  wrong,  and  that  was 
to  fight  it  in  season  and  out  of  season.  He  rode  his  cir- 
cuit to  preach  and  spread  the  gospel  because  he  believed 
the  gospel  was  necessary  to  man's  salvation,  and  to  him 
the  luxurious  and  sinful  pleasures  of  the  world  were  not 
even  a  temptation.  Just  such  stern,  unflinching  belief 
has  made  our  country  what  it  is,  and  it  was  such  a  man 
who  gave  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER  the  bent  and  direction 
which  kept  him  true  and  steady  to  the  highest  ideals 
and  made  it  possible  for  him  to  confer  lasting  benefits 
upon  the  age  in  which  he  lived. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  was  an  industrious  student  in  every 
branch  of  learning.  He  enriched  an  unsurpassed  natural 
endowment  by  constant  explorations  into  all  the  fields 
of  knowledge.  He  not  only  mastered  the  facts  of  his- 
tory, but  he  caught  and  held  its  spirit  and  knew  the  rela- 
tion of  events  to  each  other;  and  you  will  all  bear  witness 
to  his  marvelous  aptitude  in  illustrating  and  illuminating 
the  discussion  of  a  current  question  by  the  parallels  of 
former  times.  He  knew  the  Bible  better  than  any  man 
of  my  acquaintance,  and  he  knew  it  not  only  for  its 
spiritual  guidance,  but  he  knew  it  as  the  source  of  the 


[11] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

best  and  most  impressive  English  spoken  by  our  race. 
Its  strong  and  homely  idioms  were  always  upon  his  lips, 
whether  in  private  conversation  or  in  public  discourse, 
and  never  did  a  man  draw  from  this  inexhaustible  foun- 
tain sweeter  and  richer  drafts  than  did  our  beloved 
friend. 

He  was  a  keen  analyst  and  a  profound  reasoner,  and  in 
every  debate  he  made  real  contributions  to  the  sum  of 
knowledge  upon  the  subject.  Entirely  apart  from  the 
charm  of  his  oratory,  his  researches  into  the  policies  of 
government  and  into  the  economic  problems  of  his  time 
lifted  him  up  to  high  distinction  among  his  fellow 
workers  of  the  House  and  Senate.  All  these  virtues  and 
accomplishments  he  shared  with  many  other  faithful 
souls,  but  he  had  one  power  which  was  not  held  in  equal 
degree  by  any  other  man  of  his  day — his  wonderful, 
almost  divine,  gift  of  speech. 

The  truth  is  not  always  interesting,  not  always  con- 
vincing, but  upon  his  tongue  it  always  took  a  form  so 
picturesque  and  unique  that  his  utterances  challenged 
immediate  attention  and  bore  his  hearers  irresistibly 
along  to  his  conclusion.  His  imagination  was  alive  with 
parallels,  illustrations,  and  pictures.  The  instant  he 
touched  a  subject  it  began  to  glow,  not  only  with  the 
steady  light  of  truth,  but  with  the  shifting,  moving  light 
of  his  imaginative  genius.  He  was  able  to  compress  in 
a  single  sentence  not  only  the  most  profound  postulates 
of  philosophy,  but  the  concentrated  evidences  of  all  time 
of  their  soundness.  I  can  not  upon  this  occasion  quote 
from  his  writing  and  speeches.  I  must  content  myself 
with  saying  that,  measured  by  the  standard  of  effective- 
ness and  purity,  his  use  of  the  mother  tongue  has  never 
been  surpassed  and  rarely  equaled. 

All  these  attributes  of  power,  and  strength,  and  manli- 
ness, however,  shrink  into  trivialities  when  compared 

[12] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CUMMINS,  OF  IOWA 


with  his  love  for  humanity  and  the  fixedness  of  his  pur- 
pose to  do  something  for  his  fellow  men.  His  great  mind 
surveyed  with  intelligence  and  comprehension  the  rights 
and  wants  of  the  people,  and  his  big  heart  drove  him  on 
and  on  to  accomplish  something  in  their  behalf.  He  had 
a  fine  instinct  of  justice,  and  in  attempting  to  secure  it 
for  the  multitudes  of  his  country  he  bore  upon  his  own 
shoulders  the  burdens  which  injustice  had  imposed  upon 
theirs.  During  the  last  two  years  of  his  life  these  burdens 
seemed  to  grow  heavier  and  heavier,  but  he  bore  them 
manfully,  and  from  an  eloquent  advocate  of  civil  right- 
eousness he  was  transformed  into  an  impassioned  apostle 
of  reform;  and  in  the  flaming  torch  of  his  zeal  he  burned 
out  his  life  as  he  led  the.  hosts  of  his  country  toward 
higher  and  better  things.  You  will  look  in  vain  for  a 
better,  brighter  example  of  sacrifice  for  the  general  wel- 
fare and  the  common  good,  and  so  long  as  men  value 
devotion  and  are  grateful  to  their  deliverers  his  memory 
will  be  enshrined  in  the  affections  of  mankind. 

Of  the  personal  loss  which  his  death  inflicted  upon  me 
I  must  not  speak  at  length.  During  the  two  years  through 
which  we  served  together  in  this  body  the  ties  of  friend- 
ship were  so  strengthened  and  our  association  became  so 
close  that  when  he  passed  away  it  seemed  to  me  that  my 
own  energies  were  gone.  I  can  say  no  more. 

But  of  the  loss  sustained  by  that  little  band,  so  closely 
united  in  the  struggles  of  the  two  sessions,  I  may  with 
propriety  give  utterance  to  the  special  sorrow  which  fills 
and  overflows  their  hearts.  We  shall  miss  him  as  we 
would  have  missed  no  other  man.  His  elemental  strength 
was  not  only  our  refuge,  but  our  weapon.  His  kindliness, 
so  pervading  and  so  persistent,  smoothed  every  path  and 
removed  every  obstacle.  We  shall  not  soon  look  upon 
his  like. 


[13] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

Death  has  in  a  brief  period  taken  many  of  our  number, 
and  we  mourn  to-day  not  only  the  brilliant  and  cour- 
ageous DOLLIVER,  but  the  bold  and  resolute  Clay.  He, 
too,  had  endeared  himself  to  his  associates  as  few  men 
can.  Clear  and  forcible,  he  was  in  the  forefront  of  every 
important  debate.  His  eye  was  single  for  the  truth,  and 
where  the  truth  led  him  he  was  always  willing  to  follow. 
Nothing  could  deter  him,  nothing  swerve  him  from  the 
utterance  of  his  honest  convictions,  and  the  sorrow  of 
the  people  of  Georgia  in  the  death  of  Senator  Clay  can 
only  be  equaled  by  the  grief  which  was  felt  in  every  home 
in  Iowa  when  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER  crossed  the  river  to 
receive  the  reward  which  the  Ruler  of  the  Universe  has 
ordained  for  the  true  and  the  faithful. 


[14] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CULLOM,  OF  ILLINOIS 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  As  the  short  session  of  Congress  is 
drawing  to  a  close,  notwithstanding  the  pressure  of  pub- 
lic business,  we  have  laid  aside  this  afternoon  the  regular 
business  of  the  Senate  to  pay  our  last  tribute  of  respect 
and  affection  to  the  memory  of  the  dead.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  public  business,  these  hours  devoted  to  memorial 
addresses  on  the  lives  and  characters  of  deceased  col- 
leagues are  well-spent  hours  of  tribute  and  respect,  which 
we,  who  are  fortunate  enough  to  be  their  survivors, 
should  pay  those  who  have  gone  before. 

It  seems  to  me  that  there  have  been  a  greater  number 
of  prominent  Senators  who  have  passed  away  since  the 
close  of  the  last  session  of  Congress  than  during  any 
similar  period  since  I  have  been  a  Member  of  the  Senate. 

Senator  Daniel,  one  of  the  most  cultivated  men  in  the 
Senate;  Senator  Elkins,  one  of  the  most  popular  men 
among  his  colleagues;  Senator  Clay,  an  able  and  fearless 
Senator;  Senator  McEnery,  noted  for  his  independence; 
Senator  Hughes,  although  here  but  a  short  time,  noted 
for  his  ability  as  a  lawyer — all  have  passed  to  the  beyond 
since  our  last  session  closed.  The  death  of  Senator 
DOLLIVER,  however,  came  as  more  of  a  shock  to  me  than 
the  death  of  any  Senator  in  recent  years.  It  was  one  of 
the  most  forcible  reminders  that  we  have  had  of  the 
uncertainty  of  life.  When  I  saw  him  last  he  was  full  of 
life,  vigor,  and  virile  manhood.  With  his  powerful 
physique,  just  at  the  prime  of  life,  when  he  had  the 
most  to  live  for,  assured  of  a  brilliant  future,  he  was  the 

[15] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

last  man  in  the  Senate  that  one  would  associate  with  the 
thought  of  death. 

I  first  knew  him  as  a  Member  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. I  became  more  or  less  intimately  acquainted 
with  him  soon  after  he  entered  the  House  by  frequently 
meeting  him  in  the  committee  room  of  the  late  Senator 
Allison.  Senator  DOLLIVER,  I  believe,  was  a  protege  of 
the  late  Senator  Allison,  who  was  one  of  the  most  inti- 
mate friends  with  whom  I  ever  served  in  either  House, 
and  one  of  the  most  popular  and  agreeable  men  of  his 
time  in  Congress.  Senators  who  were  here  at  the  time 
will  remember  how  much  Senator  Allison  thought  of 
Senator  DOLLIVER,  how  delighted  he  was  to  hear  him 
speak  in  this  Chamber,  and  how  proud  he  seemed  to 
be  of  him. 

I  remember  when  Senator  DOLLIVER  was  first  appointed 
as  a  Member  of  the  Senate.  He  then  had  a  national 
reputation  as  an  orator.  He  advised  with  Allison  and 
me  as  to  making  speeches  in  the  Senate.  Having  the 
old-fashioned  traditions  of  the  Senate  in  mind,  we  told 
him  that  it  would  be  better  if  he  made  no  speeches  here 
for  a  year,  and  as  I  recollect  it  now  he  did  not  make  a 
speech  in  the  Senate  during  his  first  year  of  service. 

He  had  a  most  interesting  and  honorable  career.  Born 
in  the  mountain  district  of  West  Virginia,  then  a  part  of 
the  State  of  Virginia,  the  son  of  a  clergyman  of  honest  but 
humble  New  England  ancestry,  after  receiving  a  liberal 
education  at  the  University  of  West  Virginia  he  left  his 
native  State  and  took  up  his  residence  in  a  small  town  in 
my  State,  Sandwich,  111.,  and  taught  a  school  in  that  vil- 
lage. Teaching  a  school  was  not  sufficient  to  satisfy  the 
ambition  of  the  young  man,  and  he  entered  upon  the 
study  of  the  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  settled  in 
Fort  Dodge,  Iowa,  where  he  lived  the  balance  of  his  life 
and  where  he  died.  He  had  the  usual  struggle,  I  suppose, 

[16] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CULLOM,  OF  ILLINOIS 


that  all  young  lawyers  had  in  western  towns,  and  which 
I  myself  had  when  I  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law 
in  Springfield,  111.  He  never  became  a  great  lawyer,  as 
we  understand  that  term  here  now,  but  he  did  become  a 
great  orator.  Although  born  in  a  Democratic  State,  he 
was  an  ardent  Republican,  and  believed  in  the  principles 
and  policies  of  his  party.  It  was  not  strange,  considering 
his  ability,  that  he  soon  became  prominent  in  national 
campaigns.  I  would  not  consider  it  an  exaggeration  to 
say  that  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  among  the  three 
or  four  most  eloquent  campaign  speakers  in  America. 

At  the  age  of  31,  in  1888,  he  became  a  Member  of  Con- 
gress, and  continued  as  such  until  his  death.  In  1900  he 
succeeded  my  friend  the  late  Senator  Gear,  one  of  the 
pioneer  statesmen  of  the  West,  as  a  Member  of  this  Sen- 
ate. His  service  as  a  Member  of  Congress  was  long  and 
distinguished.  He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Ways  and  Means  of  the  House  and  was  one  of 
the  framers  and  supporters  of  the  Dingley  law.  He  was 
then  an  advocate  of  a  high  protective  tariff.  It  was  not, 
however,  his  prominence  as  a  Member  of  the  House  that 
resulted  in  his  elevation  to  the  Senate.  It  was  his  promi- 
nence as  a  candidate  for  Vice  President  in  1900  that  in- 
duced Gov.  Shaw  to  appoint  him  to  succeed  Senator  Gear, 
and  finally  resulted  in  his  election  for  a  full  term  by  the 
Legislature  of  Iowa.  I  have  often  thought  of  the  strange- 
ness of  destiny  when  I  think  of  the  life  of  the  Senator  we 
are  eulogizing  this  afternoon.  Is  it  true,  after  all,  that 
there  is  some  great  overruling  Providence  which  guides 
the  destinies  of  nations  and  men?  Singular  it  is  that  the 
two  men  in  this  country  who  came  nearest  to  the  Presi- 
dency and  who  did  not  succeed  were  Allison  and  DOLLI- 
VER.  Allison  was  the  logical  nominee  in  the  Chicago 
Republican  convention  in  1888,  and  was  defeated  on  ac- 
count of  the  eastern  opposition  to  the  agrarian  element, 

93227°— 11 2  [17] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

and  DOLLIVER  would  have  been  our  candidate  for  Vice 
President  in  1900  and  would  have  succeeded  McKinley, 
and  probably  would  have  been  the  regular  nominee  in 
1904,  had  not  Senator  Platt,  for  reasons  of  his  own,  forced 
the  nomination  of  Theodore  Roosevelt.  It  seemed  to  be 
predestined  that  Theodore  Roosevelt  should  become  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  and  one  of  the  great  characters 
of  his  day  and  that  Mr.  DOLLIVER  should  enter  the  Senate. 

His  reputation  was  probably  made  as  a  Member  of  the 
House.  An  honorable,  able,  dignified  Senator  he  was, 
but  oratory  is  not  appreciated  here  as  it  is  in  the  House. 
An  ambitious  man  would  have  a  much  better  chance  of 
reaching  the  Presidency  from  the  House,  from  the  gov- 
ernorship of  a  great  State,  or  even  from  private  life,  than 
he  would  have  from  the  Senate.  It  is  true  that  Harrison 
was  elected  from  the  Senate  and  that  Garfield  was  a 
Senator-elect,  but  Harrison's  nomination  came  about 
from  a  combination  of  circumstances  needless  for  me  to 
relate  here,  and  Garfield's  reputation  as  a  Member  of 
the  House  and  an  orator  brought  about  his  nomination 
in  Chicago.  Thinking  of  Garfield  reminds  me  that  there 
was  much  resemblance  between  Garfield  and  DOLLIVER. 
If  I  were  to  compare  DOLLIVER  with  any  American  states- 
man, I  would  say  that  he  more  nearly  resembled  Garfield 
than  he  did  any  statesman  of  my  time,  although  he 
had  far  more  wit,  combined  with  eloquence,  than  did 
Garfield. 

Oratory  is  a  gift  of  nature.  The  Senator  from  Iowa 
possessed  that  gift  in  a  marked  degree,  but  added  to  that 
he  was  a  prodigious  worker.  When  I  first  knew  him  I 
thought  he  was  inclined  to  be  indolent  and  that  his 
speeches  came  from  his  wit  and  his  marvelous  command 
of  language,  but  I  later  learned  that  the  ideas,  the 
thought,  the  arrangement,  the  form,  and  style  were  the 
result  of  the  hardest  kind  of  work,  and  that  he  never 

[18] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CULLOM,  OF  ILLINOIS 


attempted  to  speak  without  preparation  and  prepared 
his  speeches  with  the  greatest  care. 

He  changed  his  position  radically  on  the  tariff  and 
other  legislation  after  he  entered  this  body,  and  espe- 
cially after  the  death  of  the  late  Senator  Allison.  I  have 
always  been  what  might  be  termed  an  old-line  Repub- 
lican and  have  always  supported  the  policies  of  my  party. 
Senator  DOLLIVER  seemed  to  have  the  same  view  until 
the  time  of  the  consideration  and  passage  of  the  Payne 
Tariff  Act.  While  we  differed  on  that  legislation  and  he 
became  what  we  term  now  an  Insurgent  or  Progressive, 
yet  we  remained  warm  personal  friends.  We  were 
neighbors.  I  liked  and  admired  him  and  had  no  less 
respect  and  liking  for  him  when  he  joined  the  opposition 
to  the  Payne  Act.  I  realized  that  he  was  following  what 
then  seemed  to  be  the  sentiment  of  the  people  of  Iowa. 
L  do  not  consider  it  a  disparagement  of  him  to  say  that 
he  was  not  a  leader.  He  watched  to  see  the  sentiment  of 
his  people,  just  as  McKinley,  Elaine,  and  other  popular 
American  statesmen  did,  and  when  he  thought  he  knew 
their  real  sentiment  he  followed  them. 

Every  successful  public  man  must  generally  follow 
public  sentiment,  at  least  to  a  certain  degree,  if  he  expects 
to  remain  in  public  life. 

Mr.  President,  I  pay  this  tribute  of  love  and  reverence 
to  the  memory  of  one  whom  I  for  years  regarded  as  a 
devoted  friend  and  in  whose  death  the  Nation  lost  one  of 
its  most  brilliant  and  patriotic  statesmen. 


[19] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  TILLMAN,  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  I  have  not  the  strength— I  do  not  feel 
able  to  say  much  on  this  occasion.  It  is  a  sad  one  for  all 
of  us,  and  peculiarly  sad  to  me,  for  since  I  was  borne 
from  this  city  last  March,  to  all  intents  and  purposes 
and  the  expectations  of  myself  and  my  friends,  a  dead 
man,  or  one  who  would  never  return,  and  then  find  that 
I  am  here  still,  I  feel  the  transitory  nature  of  human  life. 
We  are  as  shadows  who  pursue  one  another,  and  soon 
there  is  an  end. 

The  paths  of  glory  lead  but  to  the  grave. 

The  high  places  we  have  achieved  here  are  but  a  step 
to  the  last  resting  place.  All  this  I  feel  very  deeply. 
But  I  would  be  unjust — recreant  to  myself — if  I  did  not 
try  to  put  a  flower  on  each  of  these  newly  made  graves. 

Since  I  went  away  death  has  cut  a  wide  swath  in  the 
Senate.  Six  of  our  fellows  have  taken  that  journey — 

From  whose  bourn  no  traveler  returns. 

I  feel  death  is  even  now  peeping  at  us  around  this 
Chamber  somewhere  and  selecting  the  next  to  summon. 

I  loved  these  two  men.  They  were  worthy  of  my  love. 
They  were  worthy  of  the  admiration  that  we  all  felt  for 
them.  No  two  Senators  who  have  ever  been  here  have 
been  more  faithful  to  duty  or  endeavored  more  thor- 
oughly and  completely  to  discharge  it  as  they  understood 
it  I  say  that  not  because  I  want  to  pay  them  a  compli- 

[20] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  TILLMAN,  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA 

ment.     Such  is  not  my  purpose.     I  simply  want  to  tell 
the  truth. 

DOLLIVER,  as  we  all  called  him,  was  a  great  man.  Great 
men  are  plentiful  in  this  country,  but  not  as  great  as 
DOLLIVER.  Good  men  are  plentiful  in  this  country,  but 
not  as  good  as  Clay.  They  both  have  left  us,  and  we 
know  not  how  soon  our  own  time  may  come.  I  feel  that 
with  especial  force.  But — but,  I  can  not  go  on,  Mr. 
President.  I  have  thoughts,  but  the  words  will  not  come. 
So  I  will  sit  down. 


[21] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  BEVERIDGE,  OF  INDIANA 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  What  can  I  say  of  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER? 
What  tribute  can  any  man  pay  to  this  great  soldier  of 
the  common  good  which  the  grateful  heart  of  a  mighty 
Nation  has  not  already  paid  more  abundantly? 

And  why  has  a  whole  people  with  uncovered  heads  laid 
upon  the  grave  of  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER  that  tribute  of 
mingled  grief  and  gratitude  which  they  seldom  give  to 
any  man  and  reserve  only  for  their  rare  beloved  who 
have  fought  and  fallen  in  the  people's  service? 

It  is  not  because  of  his  brilliant  abilities,  whose  splen- 
dor has  so  often  illuminated  this  Chamber  and  reached 
beyond  its  walls  to  the  confines  of  the  Republic.  It  is 
not  because  his  great-heartedness  claimed  the  affection 
of  all  who  came  within  the  radiance  of  its  charm.  It 
is  not  because  his  kindly  humor  threw  over  all  he  said 
and  did  a  mellow  geniality  more  compelling  than  those 
sterner  and  more  acrid  methods  which  many  powerful 
men  employ. 

No!  The  American  people  have  enshrined  JONATHAN 
DOLLIVER  in  the  temple  of  their  regard  because  he  gave, 
to  the  uttermost,  all  his  noble  and  peculiar  powers  in  the 
service  of  his  countrymen,  and,  with  an  abandonment 
of  devotion  to  their  cause,  threw  the  elemental  force  of 
his  extraordinary  gifts  against  the  people's  enemies. 

For  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER  gave  himself,  a  living  sacrifice, 
to  the  cause  of  human  advance  as  much  as  Winkelreid 
in  his  Swiss  mountains  or  Warren  at  Bunker  Hill.  He 

[22] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  BEVERIDGE,  OF  INDIANA 

fell  in  battle  for  the  people  as  surely  and  as  really  as 
any  uniformed  soldier  ever  fell  stricken  on  the  field  of 
armed  conflict. 

While  from  the  beginning  his  career  was  notable,  it 
was  the  last  two  years  of  his  life  that  gave  JONATHAN 
DOLLIVER  his  exalted  place  in  the  esteem  of  the  masses 
of  his  fellow  citizens  from  ocean  to  ocean. 

It  was  during  these  last  two  years  that  the  personal 
relations  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  and  myself  grew  to  an 
intimacy  of  friendship  which  was  and  is  one  of  the  most 
uplifting  and  strengthening  influences  of  my  life,  as  it  is 
and  always  will  be  one  of  the  fondest  and  most  cherished 
memories  which  I  shall  carry  to  life's  end. 

During  these  two  years  there  was  scarcely  a  day  that 
we  did  not  spend  an  hour  or  more  together.  Seldom  did 
an  evening  pass  that  we  did  not  meet  at  his  home  or  mine 
for  a  little  period  of  companionship  and  talk.  Almost 
every  day  we  walked  from  our  neighboring  homes  to  the 
Senate  and  back  again  in  the  evening. 

A  remark  of  Senator  DOLLIVER'S  on  one  of  these  morn- 
ing walks  threw  a  flashlight  upon  that  flowering  out  of 
his  genius  during  this  period  which  engaged  the  attention 
of  all  of  us  here,  of  the  country  at  large,  and  indeed  of 
the  English-speaking  world. 

We  had  stopped  while  DOLUVER  talked  a  few  minutes 
with  an  old  gray-haired  negro.  It  was  his  custom  to  do 
just  such  human  things.  As  we  continued  our  walk  I 
said  to  him: 

The  country  always  recognized  your  intellect  and  eloquence, 
but  the  country  did  not  give  you  its  confidence  in  the  same  degree 
that  it  gave  you  its  admiration.  You  have  grown  more  in  the 
last  12  months  in  the  people's  trust  and  faith  than  during  your 
whole  public  life. 


[23] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

DOLLIVER  stopped,  and,  taking  off  his  hat,  passed  his 
hand  over  his  brow  in  that  characteristic  gesture  all  of 
us  so  well  remember,  and  said: 

Yes;  I  think  that  is  so.  And  why  is  it  so?  It  is  because  for 
the  first  time  in  my  life  I  have  determined  to  be  intellectually 
free.  That  old,  gray-haired  negro  to  whom  we  were  talking  a 
moment  ago  was  not  so  much  emancipated  physically  50  years 
ago  as  I  have  been  emancipated  intellectually  within  the  last  year 
and  a  half. 

He  had  determined  to  be  free.  So,  like  another  Sam- 
son, he  broke  the  withes  that  bound  his  mind  and  heart 
and  stood  forth  an  unshackled  giant,  acknowledging  no 
master  but  truth  and  his  conscience. 

The  full  meaning  of  this  is  best  set  forth  in  his  career. 
A  strange  accident  gave  me  the  opportunity  of  hearing 
JONATHAN  DOLLIVER'S  first  notable  public  speech — a  speech 
whose  every  word  was  so  tipped  with  the  fire  of  genius 
that  in  a  day  it  made  him  a  notable  figure  in  contempo- 
raneous American  politics. 

This  speech  was  delivered  as  chairman  of  the  Repub- 
lican State  Convention  of  Iowa  in  1884.  I  was  then  a 
college  student  and  was  spending  my  junior  vacation  in 
Des  Moines,  Iowa,  at  the  head  of  a  large  number  of  other 
students  who  were  selling  books  in  that  State.  I  went 
to  that  convention,  and  standing  on  the  outskirts  of  the 
crowd,  which  occupied  every  inch  of  space  back  of  where 
the  delegates  were  seated,  listened  in  wonder  to  this 
amazing  address. 

After  that  speech  of  course  it  was  inevitable  that 
DOLLIVER  should  enter  national  public  life.  Those  were 
the  days  of  an  intense  and  bigoted  partisanship,  inherited 
from  the  passions  which  the  Civil  War  set  flaming.  Also, 
real  and  vital  issues  divided  the  American  people  into 
hostile  political  camps  of  opposing  convictions  which 


[24] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  BEVERIDGE,  OF  INDIANA 

were  as  sincerely  genuine  as  they  were  clearly  marked. 
The  period  had  not  yet  come  when  these  fundamental 
issues  had  been  settled.  Partisanship  was  then  a  living 
thing,  representing  crystallized  opinion  based  on  reason, 
although  superheated  by  the  feelings  of  our  fratricidal 
conflict. 

So  it  was  natural  and  inevitable  that  JONATHAN  DOL- 
LIVER,  like  all  the  rest  of  us,  should  be  ultrapartisan. 
And  like  the  rest  of  us,  when  those  conditions  passed 
away,  when  new  and  real  issues  had  risen  and  in  their 
turn  been  settled,  and  when  no  genuine  issues  longer 
separated  thinking  and  patriotic  citizens,  the  thrall  of 
partisanship  still  chained  him,  as  it  did  all  of  us,  to  party 
name  and  party  organization. 

But,  as  always  has  been  and  will  be  the  case,  when  the 
real  issues  that  create  or  continue  parties  have  passed 
away,  instead  of  the  organization  remaining  the  instru- 
ment of  the  party  and  the  party  name  the  political  desig- 
nation of  citizens  who  belong  to  it,  parties  tend  to  become 
the  servants  of  party  organizations  and  party  names  an 
influence  to  compel  the  millions  of  party  voters  to  accept 
anything  that  so-called  party  managers  might  decide  on, 
no  matter  whether  right  or  wrong. 

Instead  of  the  millions  of  voters  who  make  up  the  party 
issuing  their  orders  to  party  managers,  it  comes  about 
that  the  latter  issue  their  orders  to  the  millions  of  voters 
who  make  up  the  party. 

Thus  the  curious  result  occurs  of  measures  being 
passed  bearing  bipartisan  complexion,  while,  strangely 
enough,  at  the  very  time  party  managers  shout  more 
loudly  than  ever  obsolete  party  catch  words,  demand 
unquestioning  party  regularity — meaning  obedience  to 
the  ukase  of  self-appointed  party  managers  instead  of 
obedience  to  the  desires  and  needs  of  millions  of  voters, 


[25] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

with  conscience  alert,  reason  vigorous,  and  facts  estab- 
lished. 

To  this  more  and  more  grudgingly  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER 
yielded  his  assent,  with  ever-increasing  reluctance. 
Finally  the  time  came  when  he  could  yield  to  it  no 
longer. 

He  felt  that  this  tendency  inevitably  must  result  to 
the  injury  of  the  people  and  to  the  impairment  of  parties. 
Ultimately  came  a  crisis  when  with  all  the  force  of  his 
powerful  nature  he  believed  that  injury  actually  was  be- 
ing worked  to  the  people  under  these  conditions. 

And  so  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  return  himself  and  bring 
all  men  with  him  back  to  the  true  theory  of  political 
parties,  which  is  that  political  parties  are  the  millions  of 
voters  who  compose  them,  and  that  the  supreme  court  of 
party  policy  sits  at  the  firesides  of  the  Nation. 

This  meant,  of  course,  the  service  of  the  whole  people 
in  its  purest  form.  It  meant  that  a  political  party  ought 
to  gather  its  strength  solely  from  things  it  does  for  the 
welfare  of  the  millions. 

This  position,  of  course,  was  as  old  as  the  theory  of 
free  government,  yet  as  new  as  the  fresh  necessities  of 
the  people  which  each  day's  rising  sun  looks  down  upon. 
In  a  different  forum  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER  therefore  stood 
for  the  same  fundamental  things  for  which  Washington 
fought  from  White  Plains  to  Yorktown,  and  for  which 
Lincoln  planned  and  labored  for  four  heroic  and  im- 
mortal years. 

This  outburst  of  a  conviction  on  DOLLIVER'S  part  sur- 
prised many.  It  resembled  the  fierce  temper  of  the 
Scotch  Covenanters,  the  militant  resolve  of  Cromwell's 
Ironsides.  It  was  as  remorseless  as  a  storm,  yet  steady 
as  the  Gulf  Stream.  Always,  to  the  very  end,  it  blazed 
with  increasing  brightness  and  power  as  of  the  sun  rising 
to  its  zenith.  And,  indeed,  it  was  at  its  zenith  that  that 


[26] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  BEVERIDGE, .OF  INDIANA 

great  light  went  out — went  out  so  far  as  his  physical  per- 
sonality, living  brain,  and  throbbing  heart  projected  it, 
but  not  in  its  influence  over  this  great  people. 

And  yet  it  was  not  strange  that  at  the  period  which 
God  had  appointed  there  awoke  in  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER'S 
soul  the  spirit  of  his  West  Virginia  mountaineer,  circuit- 
riding,  abolitionist,  preacher  father.  Blood  tells,  and  the 
blood  of  a  hero  and  martyr  flowed  in  the  veins  of  JONA- 
THAN DOLLIVER  unsuspected  by  those  who  gauged  his 
character  from  his  gift  of  wit  and  almost  boyish  love  of 
fun.  But  the  hero-martyr  blood  was  there. 

Had  he  lived  in  the  fifties  he  would  have  been  another 
Wendell  Phillips,  only  more  human  and  therefore  more 
powerful.  Had  he  lived  in  p re-Revolutionary  times,  he 
would  have  been  another  Patrick  Henry,  only  broader 
minded,  more  kindly,  and  therefore  more  influential. 
Had  he  been  an  Englishman  at  the  time  of  Lord  North, 
he  would  have  been  another  Burke,  only  more  pointed, 
more  pungent,  and  therefore  more  effective.  Had  he 
been  a  Frenchman  in  the  period  of  France's  epochal  up- 
heaval, he  would  have  been  another  Mirabeau,  only  with 
a  greater  blood  sympathy  with  the  common  people  from 
whom  he  sprang,  and  therefore  with  a  wider  potentiality 
for  good. 

I  think  that  all  who  knew  or  heard  DOLLIVER  will  admit 
that  these  comparisons  are  not  extravagant.  For,  when 
he  died,  he  was  beyond  any  possible  doubt  the  greatest 
orator  in  the  contemporaneous  English-speaking  world. 
In  the  compelling  art  of  oratory  which  has  swayed  the 
hearts  of  men  and  influenced  the  destinies  of  people  from 
the  beginning  of  time  until  now,  and  which  grows  more 
effective  as  the  intelligence  of  those  addressed  increases, 
nature  made  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER  a  master;  and  to  the 
mastery  of  this  art  which  nature  gave  him  he  added  the 
finished  technique  of  decades  of  cultivation. 


[27] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 


And  so  with  these  endowments  he  answered  the  high 
call  which  had  come  to  other  gifted  men  in  like  periods 
of  human  history.  He  put  his  hand  upon  the  shoulder 
of  his  country,  which  he  believed  was  being  lulled  into  a 
neglect  of  its  own  interests,  and  rousing  it  from  this 
creeping  lethargy  turned  its  comprehending  eyes  once 
more  to  the  sacred  fires  burning  on  the  altar  of  those 
ideals  which  established  the  Republic  and  which  alone 
can  preserve  it. 

I  said  that  he  fell  in  battle  for  the  people  as  truly  as 
any  soldier  ever  killed  upon  the  fields  of  war.  His  family 
and  close  friends  feared  what  they  now  sadly  but  proudly 
know,  that  his  extraordinary  output  of  mental  and  physi- 
cal energy  in  the  people's  cause  during  those  last  two 
years  hastened  his  untimely  death.  But  for  that  he 
might  have  lived  for  many  years. 

The  work  he  did  during  the  tariff  session  drew  heavily 
on  his  physical  powers.  Many  times  during  that  historic 
session  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER  worked  all  night  and  then 
next  day  debated  through  long,  exhausting  hours.  And 
during  the  months  that  followed,  when  he  should  have 
been  replenishing  his  physical  resources,  he  was  com- 
pelled to  give  out  more  and  more  from  the  already 
diminished  reservoirs  of  his  power. 

Who  that  heard  it  ever  will  forget  his  last  speech  in 
this  body  shortly  before  adjournment  at  the  last  session? 
He  spoke  as  one  inspired.  He  laid  down  fundamental 
principles  of  statesmanship  and  public  conduct.  There 
are  parts  of  that  speech  which  can  be  compared  only  to 
Edmund  Burke's  immortal  address  to  the  electors  of 
Bristol.  But  it  is  needless  to  recount  either  to  his  col- 
leagues here  or  to  his  countrymen  the  details  of  those  last 
two  years  of  righteous  effort  and  of  enduring  glory.  The 
Senate  and  the  country  know  them. 


[28] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  BEVERIDGE,  OF  INDIANA 

JONATHAN  DOLLIVER  in  the  flesh  is  gone  from  us;  but 
with  us  and  with  the  whole  American  people  abides  his 
spirit.  Before  us  and  before  our  successors  will  stand 
his  inspiring  example.  Not  so  much  do  we  do  a  duty 
to-day  in  celebrating  the  memory  of  a  great  statesman 
as  we  exercise  a  proud  privilege  in  paying  tribute  to  our 
personal  friend  and  brother  and  to  the  people's  fearless, 
resistless  soldier  of  their  common  good. 


[29] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CLAPP,  OF  MINNESOTA 

Mr.  PRESIDENT  :  In  paying  my  feeble  but  heartfelt  tribute 
to  the  memory  of  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER,  it  seems  to  me 
it  is  a  plain'  duty  resting  upon  me  to  place  in  the  records 
of  this  body  his  concept  of  that  impending  struggle  at  the 
threshold  of  which  he  fell,  and  wherein  he  displayed  such 
splendid  courage  and  resplendent  abilities.  He  realized, 
as  every  student  of  the  great  forces  which  make  for  his- 
tory must  realize,  that  in  the  evolution  of  free  govern- 
ment there  are  bound  to  be  two  great  decisive  struggles, 
linked  together  in  the  indissoluble  chain  of  sequence. 

The  first  of  these  struggles  was,  of  course,  that  one 
which  finally  found  fruition  in  the  establishment  of  free 
government.  No  one  can  study  the  character  of  that 
spirit  of  power  and  dominion  which  sought  to  block  at 
every  step  man's  progress  toward  free  government,  which 
sullenly  retreated,  step  by  step,  before  the  advance  of 
human  progress,  without  realizing  that  that  same  spirit 
of  power  and  dominion  would  attempt  to  regain,  in  a 
measure,  in  its  control  of  the  spirit  of  free  institutions 
the  political  power  which  it  had  lost  in  their  establish- 
ment. The  long  story  of  oppression  written  on  the  page 
of  history  by  this  spirit  of  power  and  dominion  betrays  a 
character  loth  to  yield.  On  the  other  hand,  no  one  can 
study  the  character  of  that  spirit  which  inspired  man  in 
his  long,  toilsome  journey  to  the  goal  of  free  government, 
that  spirit  of  sacrifice  which  sustained  him  in  the  struggle, 
without  realizing  that  it  will  be  slow  to  yield  in  the  spirit 
of  free  institutions  that  which  it  seemed  to  gain  in  their 
establishment.  In  other  words,  he  realized  that  we  stand 
face  to  face  with  the  question,  more  plainly  stated,  of 


[30] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CLAPP,  OF  MINNESOTA 

whether  that  spirit  of  dominion  and  power  within  the 
peaceful  sphere  of  industrial  and  commercial  life,  recast 
to  meet  that  sphere  as  a  spirit  of  commercialism,  should 
dominate  the  spirit  of  institution,  or  whether  free  govern- 
ment, regulating  and  controlling  that  spirit  as  a  develop- 
ing force  in  its  industrial  and  commercial  life,  should 
make  that  spirit  and  force  the  servant  of  free  govern- 
ment instead  of  its  master. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  saw  this  impending  struggle  with  a 
clear  vision.  He  could  see  it  cast  its  portentous  shadow 
across  the  pathway  of  American  progress.  I  have  thus 
briefly  and  imperfectly  outlined  what,  had  he  lived, 
would  some  day  have  been  the  theme  of  a  presentation 
at  his  hands,  which,  recognizing  his  marvelous  powers 
and  his  keen  concept  of  the  subject,  would  have  ranked 
as  one  of  the  world's  great  orations. 

I  now  turn  to  his  relations  to  this  struggle,  which  rela- 
tion was,  by  his  untimely  death,  terminated  at  its  very 
threshold.  Possessed  of  rare  and  unusual  powers  as  an 
orator,  of  genial  personality,  of  a  broad  grasp  of  funda- 
mental principles,  of  an  earnest  loyalty  to  what  he  recog- 
nized as  the  instrumentality  in  the  solution  of  public 
questions,  he  early  became  prominently  and  closely 
identified  with  the  party  which,  from  his  standpoint, 
most  strongly  appealed  to  him.  His  service  to  his  party 
in  the  advocacy  of  its  claim  to  popular  approval,  as  well 
as  his  participation  in  molding  its  policies,  coupled  with 
a  personality  that  drew  men  to  him  and  drew  him  to 
men,  brought  him  in  close  association  with  that  some- 
what vague  and  undefined  but  generally  recognized  force 
called  party  leadership.  By  nature  a  champion  of  the 
cause  of  the  people,  he  threw  himself  into  his  work  with 
ardor  and  enthusiasm.  He  was  a  great  potentiality  in 
that  series  of  legislative  policies  which  from  1901  to  1909 
left  those  years  historical  in  the  evolution  of  the  effort 


[31] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

of  the  American  people,  by  regulation  and  control,  to 
subordinate  commercialism  to  the  common  interest. 
During  those  years  he  rejoiced  in  what  he  felt  to  be  not 
only  the  triumph  of  his  party,  but  the  triumph  of  the 
cause  of  free  government,  and  found  pleasure  in  the 
association  in  which  this  work  was  being  done. 

Less  than  two  years  before  his  death  he  discovered 
what  at  first  seemed  to  be  an  abatement  of  enthusiasm 
on  the  part  of  some  with  whom  he  had  been  associated 
in  the  great  work  of  establishing  the  mastery  of  this 
Government  over  every  agency  which  develops  under  its 
protection.  This  was  something  of  a  shock  to  him,  but 
slowly  and  irresistibly  the  truth  was  forced  into  his 
consciousness  that  not  only  was  there  an  abatement  of 
that  purpose  for  which  he  and  those  with  whom  he  had 
been  associated  had  labored,  but  that  the  spirit  of  com- 
mercialism had  resolved  to  wrest  from  the  people  all 
that  it  could  of  what  the  people  had  won  in  the  pre- 
ceding years.  He  realized  that  he  now  stood  at  a  point 
where  he  must  abandon  that  for  which  he  had  labored 
or  be  abandoned  by  many  of  those  with  whom  he  had 
labored.  Shocked  as  he  was  at  the  discovery  of  this 
condition,  he  never  hesitated  for  a  moment  as  to  which 
alternative  he  would  choose.  He  had  been  a  potentiality 
in  what  had  seemed  to  be  the  triumph  of  the  real  spirit 
of  free  government,  which,  in  its  last  analysis,  if  it  is  to 
be  free  government,  must  hold  in  control  and  regulation 
the  great  forces  which  energy  and  ambition  develop 
under  its  fostering  care,  because  he  had  thoroughly 
believed  in  that;  and,  when  this  alternative  presented 
itself,  without  a  moment's  hesitation  he  pressed  forward 
with  renewed  vigor. 

At  this  point  it  seemed  to  many,  who  had  not  known 
of  his  earnest  purpose  and  deep  sympathy  with  the  cause 
of  industrial  freedom,  that  there  came  an  awakening, 

[32] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CLAPP,  OF  MINNESOTA 

but  it  was  such  an  awakening  as  comes  to  a  man  who  is 
pressing  forward  to  a  given  goal  and  suddenly  discovers 
obstacles  which  had  not  before  been  apparent.  There 
was  no  change  in  his  purpose,  in  his  concept  of  duty, 
except  that  he  realized,  with  clearer  vision  than  he  had 
ever  realized  before,  the  masterful  spirit,  the  inordinate 
love  of  power,  the  dogged  insistence  never  to  yield,  of 
that  force  which  is  seeking  to  reestablish  in  the  activities 
fostered  by  free  government  that  political  dominion 
which  it  had  lost  after  centuries  of  struggle,  and  realized 
that  the  challenge  meant  his  own  emancipation.  He  now 
realized  with  keener  concept  than  ever  before  that  there 
could  be  no  truce  until  the  supremacy  of  free  institutions 
were  as  firmly  established  in  the  peaceful  field  of  their 
activities  as  they  had  been  established  in  that  more  tem- 
pestuous field  wherein  the  spirit  of  liberty  had  delivered 
free  government  from  the  womb  of  ages.  This,  then, 
was  what  seemed  to  be  the  awakening,  and  I  have  given 
this  analysis  because  some  day  the  historian  will  record 
the  story  of  this  struggle,  and  there  should  be  in  the  rec- 
ords of  this  body  the  statement  of  one  who  knew  the  very 
deepest  heart  throbs  of  the  man  whose  name  will  be 
forever  associated  with  the  struggle. 

He  seemed  also  to  develop  new  and  marvelous  powers, 
yet  they,  too,  were  but  a  part  of  that  reserve  force  which 
seemed  ever  present  when  putting  forth  his  greatest 
effort  as  when  engaged  in  a  less  important  debate.  He 
felt  the  bitter  shafts  of  ingratitude  and  his  great  noble 
nature  felt  the  pain  of  the  wound,  but  this  no  more  de- 
terred him  than  did  the  thought  of  separation,  and,  clad 
in  the  panoply  of  truth,  invulnerable  as  that  magic  shield 
which  Merlin,  the  enchanter,  wrought,  he  pressed  for- 
ward like  "knight  of  old;"  with  generous  sympathy,  to 
do  battle  for  the  weak;  with  courageous  heart,  to  meet  in 
battle  the  strong. 

93227°— 11 3  [33] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

At  this  point  Senator  DOLLIVER  began  to  realize  that  in 
the  impending  struggle,  if  the  true  spirit  of  free  institu- 
tions is  to  prevail,  maintain,  and  master  the  forces  devel- 
oped under  its  aegis,  that  equation  of  citizenship  which 
we  call  the  composite  citizen,  in  which  equation  must 
ever  rest  the  best,  the  truest,  and  the  broadest  recognition 
of  equality,  must  be  brought  into  more  direct  relation 
as  a  more  direct  factor  in  shaping  and  molding  the  pol- 
icies of  government.  He  again  realized  that  it  was  only 
in  the  more  direct  application  of  this  force  that  repre- 
sentative government  would  be  responsive  government. 

When  he  fell  in  the  early  dawn  of  the  struggle  the 
people  realized  that  a  great  champion  had  been  stricken, 
and  with  tremulous  voice  asked  when  and  whence  will 
come  his  successor.  That  inquiry  remains  unanswered. 
Men  combining  the  great  traits  which  rendered  him  so 
conspicuous  are  rare  indeed,  and  I  must  digress  here 
for  a  moment  to  point  out  that  rarest  of  all  combina- 
tions, an  intuitive  grasp  of  fundamentals  and  a  mastery 
of  details,  both  which  traits  he  possessed  to  such  a 
marked  degree.  They  are  rarely  combined,  but  when 
they  are  combined  they  produce  a  great  and  masterful 
mind. 

While  we  may  not  find  his  successor,  we  must  remem- 
ber that  "  the  blood  of  the  martyrs  became  the  seed  of 
the  church."  Though  cast  in  heroic  mold  of  body  as  well 
as  mind,  his  physical  strength  proved  unequal  to  the  task. 
Worn  out  and  exhausted  with  his  work  he  fell,  and  when 
he  was  stricken,  after  that  last  great  effort  which  was  a 
warning  to  his  countrymen,  those  for  whom  he  had  strug- 
gled, realizing  that  he  had  fallen  in  their  cause,  in  their 
grief  and  sorrow  they  too  awoke  to  a  deeper  sense  of 
the  impending  conflict  and  to  a  firmer  determination  to 
preserve  their  industrial  and  commercial  liberties.  And 
so,  while  we  mourn  his  departure  and  deplore  his  loss, 

[34] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CLAPP,  OF  MINNESOTA 

we  realize  that,  like  all  who  have  died  for  a  cause,  he  did 
not  die  in  vain. 

Back  of  every  picture  lies  a  background,  and  grand 
and  heroic  as  is  the  picture  of  DOLLIVER'S  public  life, 
there  is  an  instructive,  glorious,  and  luminous  back- 
ground, and  with  reverent  hand — for  it  should  never  be 
done  but  with  reverent  hand — I  part  the  curtain  to  con- 
template what  lies  mirrored  back  of  his  public  service. 
Born  of  a  parentage  that  gave  to  him  his  wonderful 
mental  powers,  his  broad  and  intuitive  grasp  of  funda- 
mentals, his  keen  appreciation  of  the  right,  all  merged 
into  a  religious  faith  simple  as  that  of  a  child,  as  real  to 
him  as  his  earthly  existence.  In  his  home,  despite  the  de- 
mands upon  his  time  in  his  public  service,  he  was  not  only 
loved  and  adored  by  his  children,  but  he,  in  turn,  loved 
and  adored,  and  he  found  companionship  in  them,  and 
that  Saturday  night  when  the  news  of  his  death  came, 
amid  the  grief  of  that  hour  the  thought  came  to  me  that 
the  little  boy,  whom  he  so  loved  and  idolized,  would 
grow  to  manhood  and  hear  of  his  father's  fame,  but 
could  never  know  that  companionship  which  would  have 
been  a  joy  to  both. 

Senator  DOLLIVER,  like  all  truly  great  men,  recognizing 
that  however  keen  a  man's  perception  of  right  and  wrong 
might  be,  a  true  woman's  perception  was  keener  yet,  and 
in  his  great,  generous  nature  he  recognized  the  woman 
at  his  side  as  an  inspiration.  Like  all  truly  great  men  he 
recognized  that  however  strong  of  arm  and  courageous 
the  heart  of  man,  there  is  a  more  enduring  strength,  a 
more  sublime  courage,  in  the  nature  of  a  true  woman, 
and,  again,  in  his  generous  nature,  he  recognized  his 
obligations  to  the  woman  at  his  side  for  this  added 
strength,  this  greater  courage.  Small  wonder,  then,  that 
a  man  thus  equipped  by  nature  and  thus  environed 
should  be  willing  to  sacrifice  his  life  in  humanity's  cause. 

[35] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  LA  FOLLETTE,  OF  WISCONSIN 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  I  saw  him  first  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
century  ago,  mounted  on  a  table,  addressing  the  crowd  of 
delegates  that  thronged  the  headquarters  of  a  presiden- 
tial candidate  at  a  national  convention.  I  see  his  com- 
manding figure  as  plainly  now  as  then,  and  again  I  hear 
his  animated  and  stirring  appeal,  his  eloquent  periods, 
his  flashing  wit.  It  was  young  DOLLIVER,  of  Iowa,  plead- 
ing with  visiting  delegates  to  nominate  Allison  as  the 
Republican  candidate  for  the  Presidency.  For  several 
days  before  the  balloting  began  this  remarkable  young 
orator  made  the  Iowa  headquarters  the  center  of  interest 
when  the  convention  was  not  in  session. 

That  same  year  he  was  elected  a  Member  of  the  Fifty- 
first  Congress  and  entered  upon  his  brilliant  public 
career.  His  delightful  personality,  his  rare  talents,  won 
him  strong  friends  and  high  rank  at  once.  I  was  then  a 
Member  of  the  House,  and  we  became  friends.  At  the 
close  of  that  Congress  he  was  returned  to  the  House. 
I  was  defeated,  and  returned  to  my  State.  He  came  to 
the  Senate,  and  our  ways  lay  apart  for  some  16  years. 
The  difference  of  environment  and  experience  separated 
us  somewhat  in  our  opinions  as  to  men  and  measures. 
Both  of  us  carried  our  convictions  to  the  public  platform, 
covering  the  same  States  and  often  addressing  the  same 
audiences.  While  each  recognized  the  differences  of 
those  years,  our  friendship  was  unbroken,  and  a  brief 
service  here  in  this  body  brought  us  into  perfect  agree- 
ment on  public  questions  and  knit  closer  the  ties  of  that 
friendship  which  I  shall  cherish  while  I  live. 


[36] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  LA  FOLLETTE,  OF  WISCONSIN 

When  Senator  DOLLIVER  entered  public  life,  and  for 
many  years  thereafter,  party  feeling  was  very  strong. 
Issues,  the  offshoot  of  those  which  had  riven  this  country 
with  civil  strife,  still  swayed  political  conventions  and 
found  prominence  in  political  platforms.  The  life  here, 
to  the  prejudice  of  the  highest  public  service,  does  much 
to  furnish  artificial  stimulus  to  party  regularity.  None 
of  us  wholly  escape  its  influence. 

But,  sir,  as  the  years  unfolded,  as  evil  fostered  in  privi- 
lege grew  strong  and  bold,  its  aggression  roused  the  giant 
strength  reposing  in  this  man  of  power.  He  was  no. 
longer  simply  the  polished  orator,  charming  with  elo- 
quence and  epigram,  but  a  new  being  in  the  grip  of  a 
mighty  conviction,  armed  with  the  truth,  against  which 
organized  wrong,  unable  to  stand,  broke  and  fled  in 
consternation. 

Who  that  heard  him  in  the  debates  of  1909  and  1910 
can  ever  forget?  He  seemed  to  have  brought  back  to  us 
something  of  the  greatness  of  the  Senate  of  other  days. 
The  impression  upon  the  country  was  scarcely  less  pro- 
found. His  power  was  felt  in  every  commercial  center 
and  by  every  fireside  in  the  Nation.  His  scathing  denun- 
ciation of  the  "brutal  tyranny  of  great  interests"  seared 
like  a  hot  iron  those  whom  he  charged  with  "  capitalizing 
the  schedules  of  our  tariffs."  His  prophecy  of  the  "  good 
time  coming,  when  this  people  shall  so  frame  their  stat- 
utes as  to  protect  alike  the  enterprises  of  the  rich  and 
poor  in  the  greatest  market  place  which  God  has  given 
to  His  children,"  strengthened  the  hope  of  democracy  and 
the  resolution  of  good  men  and  women  in  every  home 
throughout  the  land. 

The  generations  had  been  preparing  him  for  his  work. 
By  ancestry,  endowment,  training,  he  had  been  made 
ready  to  challenge  wrong  and  oppression. 


[37] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

It  was  not  alone  his  eloquence,  the  purity  and  rhythm 
of  his  diction,  the  fine  touches  of  vivid  imagination,  the 
dazzling  play  of  his  nimble  wit,  but  over  and  above  all 
was  the  everlasting  righteousness  of  his  cause,  the  appeal 
for  human  rights  that  will  not  be  denied— God's  eternal 
justice,  the  fundamental  law  of  social  life. 

He  was  cast  in  a  heroic  mold — a  giant  with  the  ten- 
derness of  a  little  child.  His  powerful  blows  leveled 
against  wrong  made  him  a  host  in  the  present  struggle 
for  political  justice.  His  was  a  philosophic  spirit.  He 
held  no  grudges,  harbored  no  animosities.  His  oppo- 
nents feared  and  respected  him.  His  comrades  loved 
him  as  a  brother. 

Anything  which  we  may  say  here  to-day  can  but  im- 
perfectly suggest  the  beauty  and  symmetry  and  power 
of  this  remarkable  character.  When  loving  hands  shall 
give  his  addresses  and  writings  to  his  country,  they  will 
best  portray  the  life  and  services  of  JONATHAN  PRENTISS 
DOLLIVER. 

He  set  the  mark  of  his  genius  upon  everything  he 
touched. 

Out  of  the  libraries  which  have  been  written  on  Lincoln, 
where  will  be  found  anything  superior  to  these  words, 
which  brought  all  his  hearers  cheering  to  their  feet  when 
they  fell  from  the  lips  of  DOLLIVER: 

Who  is  this,  sitting  all  night  long  on  a  lounge  in  the  public 
offices  of  the  White  House,  listening,  with  the  comments  of  a 
quaint  humor,  to  privates  and  officers  and  scared  Congressmen 
and  citizens  who  poured  across  the  Long  Bridge  from  the  first 
battlefield  of  the  rebellion  to  tell  their  tale  of  woe  to  the  only  man 
in  Washington  who  had  sense  enough  left  to  appreciate  it  or 
patience  enough  left  to  listen  to  it?  Is  it  the  log-cabin  student, 
learning  to  read  and  write  by  the  light  of  the  kitchen  fire  in  the 
woods  of  Indiana?  It  is  he.  Can  it  be  the  adventurous  voyager 
of  the  Mississippi,  who  gets  ideas  of  lifting  vessels  over  riffles 
while  he  worked  his  frail  craft  clear  of  obstructions  in  the 


[38] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  LA  FOLLETTE,  OF  WISCONSIN 

stream,  and  ideas  broad  as  the  free  skies,  of  helping  nations  out 
of  barbarism  as  he  traced  the  divine  image  in  the  faces  of  men 
and  women  chained  together,  under  the  hammer,  in  the  slave 
market  at  New  Orleans?  It  is  he.  Can  it  be  the  awkward  farm 
hand  of  the  Sangamon  who  covered  his  bare  feet  in  the  fresh  dirt 
which  his  plow  had  turned  up  to  keep  them  from  getting  sun- 
burned while  he  sat  down  at  the  end  of  the  furrow  to  rest  his 
team  and  to  regale  himself  with  a  few  more  pages  of  worn  vol- 
umes borrowed  from  the  neighbors?  It  is  he.  Can  it  be  the 
country  lawyer  who  rode  on  horseback  from  county  to  county 
with  nothing  in  his  saddlebags  except  a  clean  shirt  and  the  Code 
of  Illinois,  to  try  his  cases  and  to  air  his  views  in  the  cheerful 
company  which  always  gathered  about  the  courthouse?  It  is  he. 
Is  it  the  daring  debater,  blazing  out  for  a  moment  with  the  mo- 
mentous warning,  "A  house  divided  against  itself  can  not  stand," 
then  falling  back  within  the  defenses  of  the  Constitution,  that  the 
cause  of  liberty,  hindered  already  by  the  folly  of  its  friends, 
might  not  make  itself  an  outlaw  in  the  land?  It  is  he.  Is  it  the 
weary  traveler  who  begged  the  prayers  of  anxious  neighbors  as 
he  set  out  for  the  last  time  from  home,  and  talked  in  language  sad 
and  mystical  of  One  who  could  go  with  him  and  remain  with 
them  and  be  everywhere  for  good?  It  is  he. 

They  said  he  laughed  in  a  weird  way  that  night  on  the  sofa  in 
the  public  offices  of  the  White  House,  and  they  told  funny  tales 
about  how  he  looked,  and  the  comic  papers  of  London  and  New 
York  portrayed  him  in  brutal  pictures  of  his  big  hands;  hands 
that  were  about  to  be  stretched  out  to  save  the  civilization  of  the 
world;  and  his  overgrown  feet;  feet  that  for  four  torn  and  bleed- 
ing years  were  not  to  weary  in  the  service  of  mankind.  They 
said  that  his  clothes  did  not  fit  him;  that  he  stretched  his  long 
legs  in  ungainly  postures;  that  he  was  common  and  uncouth  in 
his  appearance.  Some  said  that  this  being  a  backwoodsman  was 
becoming  a  rather  questionable  recommendation  for  a  President 
of  the  United  States;  and  they  recalled  with  satisfaction  the  grace 
of  courtly  manners  brought  home  from  St.  James.  Little  did  they 
dream  that  the  rude  cabin  yonder  on  the  edge  of  the  hill  country 
of  Kentucky  was  about  to  be  transformed  by  the  tender  imagina- 
tion of  the  people  into  a  mansion  more  stately  than  the  White 
House;  more  royal  than  all  the  palaces  of  the  earth;  it  did  not 
shelter  the  childhood  of  a  king,  but  there  is  one  thing  in  this 
world  more  royal  than  a  king — it  is  a  man.  (Extract  from  ad- 

[39] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

dress  of  Hon.  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER,  delivered  at  the  annual 
Lincoln  dinner  of  the  Republican  Club  of  the  city  of  New  York, 
Feb.  13,  1905.) 

It  is  very  hard  to  be  reconciled  to  the  loss  which  the 
country  and  the  cause  of  human  rights  sustained  when  he 
was  summoned.  We  can  not  understand.  We  can  only 
bow  in  submission,  grateful  that  God  spared  him  to  do 
the  work  which  rounded  out  his  great  career  and  gave 
his  enduring  name  to  the  plain  people  of  America. 

He  had  climbed  to  the  summit  of  the  mountain.  His 
vision  swept  the  wide  horizon.  He  was  ready  for  the 
highest  service  which  man  can  render  unto  men. 

And  then,  almost  without  warning,  came  the  mandate : 

Be  ye  ready;  the  summons  cometh  quickly. 

And  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye  the  impenetrable  shadow 
fell  about  him,  and  he  was  gone. 

We  look  for  him  in  vain.  We  cry  aloud,  but  death 
makes  no  answer  to  the  living.  We  can  not  know 
whether  our  cry  is  heard.  Baffled,  we  can  only  blindly 
call  across  the  tomb  to  our  beloved  companion:  Hail, 
hail,  and  farewell! 


[40] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  GORE,  OF  OKLAHOMA 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  I  do  not  rise  to  pay  either  an  adequate 
or  a  studied  eulogy  to  our  late  friend,  our  lamented  col- 
league and  associate.  I  do  not  rise  to  lift  up  a  splendid 
monument  to  his  memory.  I  come  to  plant  a  flower 
upon  his  grave  and  to  pay  a  loving  tribute  to  his  services 
and  to  his  character. 

We  do  honor  to  ourselves  in  the  observance  of  this 
ancient  custom  of  the  Senate.  Mr.  President,  even  the 
savages  of  the  wildwood  held  in  affectionate  remem- 
brance those  warriors  who  were  loved  in  life  and  la- 
mented in  death.  How  much  the  more  fitting  then  that 
we  who  are  heirs  to  all  the  ages  should  commemorate 
the  deeds  of  those  mighty  dead  whose  spirits  still  rule 
us  from  their  sacred  urn.  How  much  the  more  fitting 
that  we  should  commemorate  the  services  of  those  who 
have  bequeathed  to  us  a  legacy  of  glory  that  can  not  fail 
so  long  as  public  and  private  virtues  are  reverenced 
among  the  sons  of  men. 

In  every  time  and  in  every  clime  the  undying  dead 
have  risen  and  have  lived  again.  Some  have  lived  again 
in  the  beaten  brass  and  in  the  sculptured  marble.  Some 
have  lived  again  in  story  and  in  song.  But,  sir,  these 
fleeting  tributes  may  pass  with  their  authors  to  the  ob- 
livious tomb.  The  beaten  brass  may  buried  lie  beneath 
the  accumulated  dust  of  ages.  Even  the  marble  may 
molder  and  surrender  its  epitaph  to  the  untiring  tooth 
of  time.  All  these  tributes,  all  these  memorials,  await 
alike  the  inevitable  hour.  They  pursue  those  paths  that 


[41] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

lead  but  to  the  grave.  The  best  and  the  brightest  monu- 
ment which  we  can  dedicate  to  our  friends  that  are  gone, 
the  holiest  shrine  that  we  can  consecrate  to  our  departed 
patriots,  must  be  found  in  the  hearts  and  in  the  memories 
of  their  countrymen. 

Mr.  President,  the  pyramids  still  stand,  but  the  names 
of  their  royal  builders  have  hardly  escaped  forgetfulness, 
and  are  now  remembered  rather  for  the  oppression  and 
the  miseries  that  they  wrought.  Scholars  may  dispute 
as  to  the  tomb  of  Mary's  Son,  but  no  one  will  be  found  to 
deny  the  beneficence  of  His  influence  and  His  example. 

The  fame  and  the  name  of  DOLLIVER  are  secure.  He 
won  his  way  to  the  exalted  station  which  he  occupied 
and  which  he  adorned.  He  was  born  of  unpretentious 
parents  in  a  modest  home  in  Virginia.  The  modest 
American  home  has  ever  been  and  must  ever  be  the 
nursery  of  true  genius  and  of  true  greatness.  His  oppor- 
tunities were  limited,  but  his  ambition  was  unconfined; 
not  that  "  ambition  which  overleaps  itself,"  but,  sir,  that 
ambition  which  seeks  no  other  outlet  than  service  and 
seeks  no  other  reward  than  merited  honor. 

Nature  dealt  generously  with  our  lamented  friend  and 
he  was  grateful  unto  her.  She  gave  him  more  than  ten 
talents  and  he  increased  his  talents  more  than  twofold. 
He  was  both  brilliant  and  versatile;  but,  sir,  he  added 
depth  to  versatility,  and  he  added  weight  to  brilliancy. 
By  talent  and  ambition  not  alone  did  he  succeed.  Men 
have  been  possessed  of  both,  yet  wanting  untiring  in- 
dustry, have  failed.  Men  have  wanted  both,  yet  pos- 
sessing an  energy  that  did  not  falter,  have  achieved  and 
have  deserved  success.  Unfaltering  effort  and  ungrudg- 
ing self-sacrifice  go  far  to  make  up  the  price  of  his 
success. 

The  best  possession  of  a  free  people  is  their  men  of 
high  character  and  unspotted  integrity.  The  best  heri- 

[42] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  GORE,  OF  OKLAHOMA 


tage  of  a  free  people  is  the  influence  and  the  memory  of 
such  men. 

The  lesson  of  DOLLIVER'S  life  is  this,  that  in  his  youth 
the  time  had  not  come,  and  that  the  time  has  not  yet 
come,  when  every  gate  is  barred  with  gold  and  opens 
but  to  golden  keys.  Worth  was  the  key  whereby  he  did 
advance.  We  have  in  this  country  a  democracy  of  worth 
instead  of  an  aristocracy  of  birth.  Much  of  the  glory  of 
our  institutions,  much  of  the  glory  of  our  history,  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  American  society  can  avail  itself  of  the 
best  talents  born  beneath  our  flag. 

Access  to  opportunity  explains  much  of  our  history. 
Whatever  glory  we  may  achieve  in  the  future,  access 
to  opportunity  must  in  great  measure  account  for  its 
achievement. 

Any  system  should  be  unrelentingly  resisted  that  would 
cheat  talent  of  opportunity  or  cheat  society  of  talent. 

In  the  example  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  every  youth  may 
see  the  star  of  hope,  and  in  his  achievements  may  per- 
ceive the  bow  of  promise. 

Mr.  President,  there  is  one  striking  resemblance  in  the 
public  services  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  to  the  public  services 
of  the  great  English  prime  minister.  Mr.  Gladstone 
began  his  political  career  as  a  high  Tory,  as  a  conserva- 
tive of  conservatives.  He  closed  his  long  and  illustrious 
life  as  the  chosen  and  acknowledged  leader  of  the  liberal 
sentiment  of  the  United  Kingdom.  The  liberality  of  DOL- 
LIVER was  rational,  was  temperate,  was  judicious.  He 
assailed  nothing  old  merely  on  account  of  its  antiquity; 
he  accepted  nothing  new  merely  on  account  of  its  novelty. 
He  accepted  the  good  notwithstanding  its  age,  and  he 
likewise  accepted  the  good  notwithstanding  its  youth. 

I  believe  that  no  man  in  American  public  life  had  a 
keener  appreciation  of  the  tendency  of  the  times.  He 
looked  as  deeply  as  any  man  into  the  secret  causes  which 

[43] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:   SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

are  to-day  responsible  for  the  currents  and  countercur- 
rents  that  are  agitating  public  life  in  America. 

I  have  sometimes  thought  that  while  he  united  ethics 
to  politics,  he  allowed  the  moral  side  to  preside  and  to 
predominate  over  political  considerations,  and  I  have 
also  thought  that  during  the  last  session  sometimes  the 
shadow  of  the  coming  event  was  falling  across  his  way, 
and  that  the  light  of  another  world  was  even  then  break- 
ing upon  his  vision. 

DOLLIVER  loved  his  fellow  men,  and  he  was  loved  by 
them  in  return.  He  was  just.  He  neither  hated  nor  flat- 
tered the  rich  on  account  of  their  riches,  nor  patronized 
the  poor  on  account  of  their  numbers.  He  could  not  be 
lured  from  the  path  of  duty  by  the  blandishments  of 
wealth  nor  driven  from  that  straight  and  narrow  way 
by  the  mutterings  of  the  mob.  Unlike  the  time  server, 
he  did  not  hover  about  the  heels  of  progress,  nor  did  he, 
like  the  revolutionist,  outrun  the  vanguard  of  rational 
reform  and  of  enlightened  advancement.  He  held  the 
scales  of  justice  with  even  hand.  He  was  both  just  and 
generous;  but,  sir,  he  deemed  it  better  to  be  just  than  to 
be  generous. 

It  has  been  said  that  republics  are  ungrateful.  I  have 
never  been  willing  to  own  that  harsh  impeachment.  I 
believe  the  people  are  wise  to  know  and  generous  to  re- 
ward their  friends.  I  believe  the  example  of  DOLLIVER 
demonstrates  that  the  people  are  willing  to  render  honor 
where  honor  is  due.  In  his  life  and  in  his  death  he  en- 
joyed the  affectionate  confidence  of  the  American  people, 
and  the  desponding  statesman  may  well  look  upon  his 
fate  and  his  destiny  and  be  of  good  cheer. 

Mr.  President,  if  usefulness  were  a  safeguard  against 
the  last  dread  summons,  DOLLIVER  had  survived.  His 
country  needed  his  services,  the  Senate  could  not  spare 
so  useful  a  Member;  the  Republic  could  not  spare  so  use- 

[44] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  GORE,  OF  OKLAHOMA 


ful  a  public  servant.  Progress  lost  an  apostle,  freedom 
lost  a  friend,  liberty  lost  a  lover  when  DOLLIVER  died. 

He  was  a  champion  of  the  right;  he  was  a  challenger  of 
the  wrong.  No  more  have  we  his  presence,  his  eloquence, 
and  his  counsel  among  us;  but  we  have  the  best  of  all 
heritages,  his  influence  and  his  example.  I  feel  sure  that 
his  life  will  constitute  an  example  that  will  prove  an 
inspiration  to  every  youth  who  to-day  is  putting  on  the 
tender  leaves  of  hope ;  it  will  prove  at  once  an  assurance 
and  a  warning  to  all  those  who  to-day  bear  their  blushing 
honors  full  thick  upon  them;  and  his  example  will  prove 
a  consolation  to  all  those  who  still  linger  in  the  sere  and 
yellow  leaf.  All  those  who  are  now  in  the  sunset  of 
life  may  see  in  his  example  those  stars  that  are  invisible 
by  day. 

Well,  Mr.  President,  may  we  cherish  his  memory,  for, 
taking  him  all  in  all,  we  shall  too  rarely  look  upon  his 
like  again. 


[45] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CHAMBERLAIN,  OF  OREGON 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  When  I  was  honored  by  being  re- 
quested to  say  a  few  words  on  this  occasion  I  hesitated 
to  accept  the  invitation  because  I  felt  that  there  were 
those  of  my  colleagues  in  this  Chamber  who,  from  a 
more  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  late  Senator  JONA- 
THAN P.  DOLLIVER  and  from  long  association  with  him, 
both  socially  and  politically,  were  better  qualified  than 
I  to  speak  of  his  many  excellent  qualities  of  head  and 
heart.  But  knowing  him  slightly,  as  compared  with 
others  here,  I  had  learned  to  love  and  admire  him,  and, 
yielding  to  none  in  my  veneration  to  his  memory,  I  did  not 
feel  that  I  could  with  propriety  decline  to  say  a  few  words 
in  commemoration  of  his  distinguished  services  to  his 
country  in  whatever  capacity  he  was  called  upon  to  act. 

My  acquaintance  with  him  began  during  the  presi- 
dential campaign  in  1904,  and  after  that  I  saw  much  of 
him,  particularly  during  my  service  in  this  body  and  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture  and  Forestry, 
of  which  he  was  chairman.  Here  I  came  into  intimate 
touch  with  him  socially  and  officially  and  had  many 
opportunities  to  observe  his  methods  of  getting  at  the 
merit  of  things  affecting  the  public.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  men  from  every  point  of  view  it  has 
ever  been  my  pleasure  to  meet,  and  I  have  sometimes 
wondered  where  he  found  opportunity,  in  the  multitude 
of  his  official  as  well  as  private  engagements,  to  make  of 
his  mind  such  a  storehouse  for  all  the  learning  that  goes 
to  make  the  polished  orator  and  the  finished  statesman. 

That  he  was  an  orator  with  few,  if  any,  equals  in  this 
day  and  generation,  is  recognized  throughout  the  length 

.  [46] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CHAMBERLAIN,  OF  OREGON 

and  breadth  of  the  land.  Whenever  and  wherever  he 
arose  to  address  an  audience,  whether  on  the  rostrum  or 
in  a  legislative  body,  he  was  sure  to  command  the 
respectful  and  undivided  attention  of  his  audience;  and 
it  was  the  subject  of  general  remark  among  us  here  that 
he  was  one  of  the  very  few  members  of  the  Senate  who 
was  always  able  to  command  the  attention  both  of  his 
colleagues  and  of  the  galleries,  and  this  whether  those 
who  listened  to  him  agreed  with  him  or  radically  and 
essentially  differed  from  him  in  the  opinions  he  held 
and  in  the  views  he  expressed.  The  previous  announce- 
ment that  Senator  DOLLIVER  was  to  address  the  Senate 
at  a  given  time,  upon  any  subject,  was  sure  to  bring 
around  him  his  colleagues  and  insure  him  the  respectful 
attention  of  all  who  heard  him. 

Not  only  was  he  an  orator,  but  his  strongest  political 
opponents  freely  accord  to  him  the  elements  of  the  high- 
est statesmanship.  In  the  earlier  days  of  his  public 
career  I  think  it  may  be  truly  said  that  he  was  rather  of 
the  conservative  type  of  statesman,  sometimes  follow- 
ing— as  I  have  heard  him  say— those  who  had  been 
designated  as  the  leaders  of  his  party  even  into  paths 
where  his  better  judgment  disapproved;  but  in  later  years 
he  showed  a  spirit  of  independence,  which  not  only 
placed  him  in  opposition  to  those  with  whom  he  had  been 
wont  to  work  in  harmony,  but  placed  him  in  the  front 
rank  of  the  leaders  of  a  progressive  Republicanism. 
Knowing  him  as  I  did,  I  am  unwilling  to  believe  the  sug- 
gestion that  has  sometimes  been  made  against  him,  as  it 
has  been  made  against  other  strong  progressive  leaders 
of  his  party,  that  he  and  they  were  actuated  rather  by  a 
desire  to  win  the  plaudits  of  the  multitude  than  to  voice 
the  sentiments  which  came  from  the  promptings  of  the 
heart  and  conscience.  On  the  contrary,  I  am  satisfied 
that  as  he  grew  older  and  his  line  of  vision  extended  he 

[47] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

felt  more  independent,  and,  realizing  his  ability,  grew 
restive  under  the  restraints  of  partisan  leadership. 
Shortly  before  the  last  address  he  delivered  in  this  dis- 
tinguished body  he  told  me  that  he  felt  more  independent 
than  he  had  in  the  earlier  days  of  his  public  career,  and 
was  sure  that  in  the  exercise  of  that  independence  which 
he  intended  should  characterize  his  future  conduct  he 
could,  serve  his  country  best  and  surely  better  satisfy  his 
own  conscience. 

Yet  notwithstanding  this  I  am  satisfied  that  in  measura- 
bly separating  himself  from  those  with  whom  he  had 
been  wont  to  work  in  perfect  harmony  he  experienced 
that  regret  which  all  good  men  naturally  experience  when 
there  comes  a  parting  of  the  ways  for  those  who  for  a 
lifetime  have  served  side  by  side,  burying  differences 
which  were  nonessential  for  the  purpose  of  united  action 
on  those  things  which  were  essential  from  the  party 
standpoint.  As  evidence  of  this  I  have  but  to  call  atten- 
tion to  thaj;  last  splendid  address  delivered  by  him  on  the 
floor  of  this  Senate.  His  motives  had  been  impugned  by 
a  portion  of  his  party  press  and  by  some  of  his  old  asso- 
ciates because  he  had  allied  himself  with  the  progressive 
element  of  his  party.  I  thought  that  there  was  a  tone  of 
sorrow  in  his  voice  as  he  dwelt  upon  the  sundering  of  the 
older  ties,  but  he  nevertheless  fearlessly  outlined  his 
policy  and  purposes  and  masterfully  analyzed  his  own 
position  and  that  of  those  who  had  criticized  him  so 
severely. 

When— 

He  exclaimed— 

it  is  said  that  I  betray  my  party,  that  I  fight  against  the  Repub- 
lican Party,  I  deny  it.  I  fight  for  the  Republican  Party  and 
propose,  with  millions  of  other  people,  to  do  what  I  can  to  make 


[48] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CHAMBERLAIN,  OF  OREGON 

it  more  than  ever  the  servant  of  the  great  constituency  which  it 
has  represented  for  so  many  years. 

I  am  aware  that  when  one  sits  down  to  count  the  cost  of  such  a 
struggle  as  I  have  outlined,  he  ought  to  take  into  consideration  the 
fact  that  his  motives  are  likely  to  be  misconstrued;  his  purposes, 
however  pure  they  may  be,  are  likely  to  be  disparaged;  but  such 
things  as  those  have  never  injured  anybody's  standing  in  society, 
unless  they  were  acquiesced  in  by  those  who  were  most  concerned. 

And,  again,  in  speaking  of  his  differences  with  the  dis- 
tinguished President  of  the  United  States,  he  said: 

When  he  was  mentioned  as  a  candidate  for  the  Presidency,  I 
did  what  I  could  in  my  own  State  and  everywhere  else  to  promote 
his  ambition.  When  he  was  nominated,  I  gave  up  my  time,  far 
past  the  limit  of  my  strength,  in  presenting  his  case  before  the 
American  people  from  one  ocean  to  the  other.  When  he  entered 
this  Chamber  to  take  the  oath  of  office,  and  fhe  multitude  arose 
with  bowed  head,  every  thought  went  out  of  my  head,  every  senti- 
ment out  of  my  heart,  except  that  the  new  President  might  be 
endued  with  power  from  on  high  to  grapple  with  the  corrupt 
influences  that  stood  ready  to  recapture  the  strongholds  of  this 
Government,  and  that  he  might  succeed,  even  where  strong  men 
had  failed,  in  protecting  this  market  place  against  the  conspiracies 
of  greed  and  avarice  which  have  attempted  to  enslave  it. 

I  have  known  some  of  the  vicissitudes  of  life,  some  of  the  ups 
and  downs  of  politics,  some  of  the  hardship  as  well  as  the  good 
fortune  of  this  world,  but  I  never  dreamed  that  within  less  than 
a  year  I  should  feel  compelled  to  stand  here  and  for  the  mis- 
demeanor of  taking  the  President's  campaign  speeches  seriously, 
and  for  the  still  higher  crime  of  regarding  the  platform  of  the 
Republican  Party  as  a  binding  moral  obligation,  be  called  on  to 
defend  myself  and  the  little  group  of  men,  who  stood  together  as 
it  was  given  them  to  see  the  right,  against  the  charge  of  treason 
and  disloyalty  to  the  party  which  they  have  loved  and  served  all 
the  days  of  their  lives. 

I  quote  this,  Mr.  President,  because  I  felt  when  he  was 
delivering  it  that  there  was  a  tone  of  sorrow  in  his  voice, 
which  no  one  could  appreciate  who  did  not  hear  him  at 
the  time. 


93227°— 11- 


[49] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

During  all  the  debates  of  the  last  Congress  there  was  no 
more  masterful  analysis  from  his  viewpoint  of  the  tariff 
measure  that  had  been  previously  enacted  into  law  than 
this  last  address  of  the  distinguished  gentleman  who  was 
so  soon  to  answer  the  call  of  the  white-winged  messenger 
of  death,  and  whose  memory  we  are  now  here  to  honor, 
filled  as  it  is  with  pathos,  with  hard,  cold  facts  and  figures, 
and  with  inimitable  humor.  At  times  he  soared  to  heights 
of  eloquence,  and  by  a  sudden  anticlimax  indulged  in 
a  humor,  with  a  characteristic  smile  and  gesture  that 
brought  a  smile  to  every  face,  and  as  suddenly  branched 
off  into  a  brilliant  peroration  that  compelled  the  admiring 
applause  of  all  who  heard  him. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  was  indeed  a  most  remarkable  type 
of  man.  Born,  "as  he  was,  arnid  the  mountains  of  Vir- 
ginia, I  have  often  wondered  if  this  early  environment 
did  not  have  much  to  do  with  the  development  of  his 
character  and  of  his  mind,  which  had  so  much  of  poetry 
and  pathos  and  yet  of  manly  strength  in  it.  He  was  wont 
often  to  speak  of  this  environment  and  of  the  rugged 
mountains  that  as  a  youth  he  daily  looked  out  upon,  and 
many  of  the  word  pictures  painted  by  him  could  only 
have  found  inspiration  in  the  snowcapped  peaks  and 
rugged  ranges  that  he  learned  to  know  and  to  love  as  a 
child.  He  always  spoke  with  veneration  of  the  old  State 
of  his  birth,  and  most  loyally  loved  that  of  his  adoption. 
He  loved  his  party  and  revered  the  memory  of  the  fathers 
of  the  Republic,  and  on  the  occasion  of  his  last  address,  to 
which  I  have  referred,  he  said: 

I  was  born  in  the  Republican  Party,  down  among  the  loyal 
mountains  of  Virginia.  I  think  I  know  what  the  articles  of  its 
faith  are.  From  my  youth  I  have  pored  over  the  pages  of  its 
history  and  found  inspiration  in  all  of  its  high  traditions.  I  have 
followed  its  great  leaders  and  sought  direction  in  the  wisdom  of 
their  counsel.  We  have  sometimes  lived  in  very- humble  houses, 


[50] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CHAMBERLAIN,  OF  OREGON 

but  we  have  never  lived  in  a  house  so  small  that  there  was  not 
room  on  its  walls  for  the  pictures  of  the  mighty  men  who  in  other 
generations  led  it  to  victory;  and  now  my  own  children  are 
coming  to  years  and  are  looking  upon  the  same  benignant,  kindly 
faces  as  I  teach  them  to  repeat  the  story  of  our  heroic  age  and  to 
recite  all  the  blessed  legends  of  patriotism  and  liberty. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  was  of  a  strong  religious  tempera- 
ment, and  I  have  heard  him  speak  of  the  wholesome 
instruction  he  received  from  a  pious  father  and  mother; 
not  religious  in  the  narrow  Puritan  sense  of  the  word, 
because  he  did  not  believe  it  was  necessary  to  go  through 
the  world  with  a  long  face,  closing  his  heart  and  con- 
science to  the  lighter  things  which  tend  to  relieve  the 
monotony  of  life  or  avoiding  the  contests  in  which  it  is 
necessary  for  every  useful  citizen  to  engage.  In  an  ad- 
dress delivered  by  him  on  the  occasion  of  the  unveiling 
of  a  statue  to  Gov.  Francis  Harrison  Pierpont,  a  little 
more  than  a  year  ago,  he  defined  a  great  man  as  one — 

who  fears  God,  keeps  His  Commandments,  and  with  an  ordinary 
good  sense  has  the  fortune  to  stand  in  some  angle  of  the  fight 
where  the  history  of  the  world  is  being  made.  He  becomes  great 
because  he  has  the  opportunity  of  doing  great  things,  though 
before  the  deed  he  may  not  have  been  lifted  up  among  his  fellow 
men,  and  though  after  the  deed  he  may  fall  into  such  obscurity 
as  to  raise  questions  within  50  years  as  to  what  he  did  and  what 
manner  of  man  he  was. 

Many  of  his  utterances  might  be  cited,  if  time  per- 
mitted, to  show  his  trust  and  belief  in  the  one  Supreme 
Ruler  of  the  universe  and  his  reverence  for  things  that 
make  for  a  better  life;  but  in  his  intercourse  with  his 
fellows,  whether  officially  or  socially,  in  his  beautiful 
family  relations  as  a  son,  a  husband,  and  a  father,  are  to 
be  found  the  best  evidences  of  the  faith  that  was  in  him. 
How  difficult  it  is  to  realize  that  a  man  who  has  accom- 
plished so  much  for  his  country,  for  his  family,  and  for 


[51] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

his  friends  has  been  called  hence  in  middle  life  and 
before  he  had  reached  the  zenith  of  his  splendid  promise. 
The  life  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  has  been  an  inspiration 
and  an  example  to  the  youth  of  our  land.  Attaining  the 
highest  place  in  the  gift  of  the  people  of  his  adopted 
State,  through  his  indomitable  courage  and  energy,  he 
fittingly  illustrates  the  truth  of  the  history  of  this  coun- 
try that  all  things  are  possible  of  accomplishment  to  him 
who,  in  whatever  he  undertakes,  presses  onward  and 
upward.  In  his  death  the  people  of  the  country  have 
lost  a  most  exemplary  citizen,  his  family  a  devoted  hus- 
band and  father,  and  this  body  one  who  has  at  all  times 
set  an  example  of  fidelity  to  duty  as  God  gave  him  the 
light  to  see  it.  When  we  think  of  such  a  man  we  can 
not  but  hope  that  there  may  be  truth  in  what  the  poet 
has  so  beautifully  said : 

There  is  no  death!  the  stars  go  down 

To  rise  upon  some  other  shore, 
And  bright  in  Heaven's  jeweled  crown, 

They  shine  forevermore. 

There  is  no  death!  the  dust  we  tread 

Shall  change  beneath  the  summer  showers, 

To  golden  grain,  or  mellow  fruit, 
Or  rainbow-tinted  flowers. 

The  granite  rocks  disorganize 

To  feed  the  hungry  moss  they  bear, 

The  forest  leaves  drink  daily  life 
From  out  the  viewless  air. 

There  is  no  death!  the  leaves  may  fall, 
The  flowers  may  fade  and  pass  away, 

They  only  wait,  through  wintry  hours, 
The  coming  of  the  May. 

There  is  no  death!  an  angled  form 

Walks  o'er  the  earth  with  silent  tread; 

He  bears  our  best  loved  things  away, 
And  then  we  call  them  dead. 

[52] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CHAMBERLAIN,  OF  OREGON 

He  leaves  our  hearts  all  desolate; 

He  plucks  our  fairest,  sweetest  flowers; 
Transplanted  into  bliss,  they  now 

Adorn  immortal  bowers. 

The  birdlike  voice,  whose  joyous  tones 
Made  glad  the  scene  of  sin  and  strife, 

Sings  now  its  everlasting  song 
Amid  the  tree  of  life. 

Where'er  He  sees  a  smile  too  bright, 
Or  soul  too  pure  for  taint  or  vice, 

He  bears  it  to  that  world  of  light 
To  dwell  in  Paradise. 

Born  into  that  undying  life, 
They  leave  us  but  to  come  again; 

With  joy  we  welcome  them  the  same, 
Except  in  sin  and  pain. 

And  ever  near  us,  though  unseen, 
The  dear  immortal  spirits  tread, 

For  all  the  boundless  universe 
Is  life,  there  are  no  dead! 


[53] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 

In  our  State  him  whom  we  mourn  to-day  had  but  one 
name  and  that  was  "DOLLIVER."  If  audiences  wished  to 
call  him,  voices  shouted  "DOLLIVER."  This  single  name 
appeared  upon  all  posters  announcing  his  meetings. 
From  the  beginning  of  his  career  he  was  an  Iowa  favorite. 
His  name  drew  the  crowd.  But  no  one  called  him  JONA- 
THAN P.  DOLLIVER.  That  may  have  been  the  form  upon 
the  legal  ballot  or  in  the  Congressional  Directory.  This 
circumstance  is  complimentary  and  means  that  honor 
rather  than  disrespect  was  intended. 

I  shall  speak  of  DOLLIVER  as  I  knew  him.  If  I  had  been 
selecting  a  comrade  for  a  journey  across  the  continent, 
either  in  a  prairie  schooner  or  a  palace  car,  I  would  have 
selected  DOLLIVER.  Every  day  would  have  been  a  new 
day.  Every  thought  would  have  been  fresh  and  refresh- 
ing. When  he  looked  out  of  a  window  he  saw  more 
than  mountains  and  streams.  He  saw  more  than  prairies 
and  crops.  He  photographed  with  a  lens  which  painters 
and  poets  know.  Nature  delighted  him.  Trees  and 
plants  told  their  own  story  to  him.  He  loved  books. 
The  best  class  of  romance  pleased  him.  History  and 
biography  delighted  him.  It  is  a  surprise  to  know  that 
he  seldom  attended  the  theater,  though  he  loved  music 
and  was  especially  thrilled  by  patriotic  airs.  His  whole 
character  can  be  summed  up  in  the  statement  that  he 
loved  his  fellow  man  and  was  a  good  comrade  with  any- 
one whom  he  chanced  to  meet.  Acquaintances  made  on 
a  railroad  train  often  developed  into  lifelong  friendship. 
His  charm  of  manner  was  in  his  simplicity,  and  he  was 

[54] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 


willing  to  listen  as  well  as  to  talk.  He  probably  knew 
more  people  in  Iowa  than  did  any  other  of  our  public 
men.  Certainly  more  people  knew  him.  He  had  can- 
vassed the  State  for  25  years  and  had  spoken  on  all 
manner  of  occasions.  He  held  the  esteem  of  all  with 
whom  he  served  in  either  House  or  Senate.  The  rela- 
tionship existing  between  himself  and  Senator  Allison 
will  long  be  borne  in  the  minds  of  Iowa  people.  The 
dead  Senator  was  devoted  to  his  kindred.  In  all  his  cal- 
culations the  thought  of  his  kindred  came  first.  His 
affection  for  his  venerable  father,  known  in  Iowa  as 
"Father  Dolliver,"  was  touching.  The  Senator  believed 
his  father  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  men,  and  he  remained 
to  that  father  as  a  child  always. 

When  President  McKinley  was  governor  of  Ohio  he 
made  a  speech  in  Des  Moines.  Senator  DOLLIVER  alter- 
nated between  two  meetings  with  Gov.  McKinley.  In  one 
large  opera  house  Father  Dolliver  was  anxious  to  be  near 
the  stage  from  which  his  son  was  to  speak.  Father  Dolli- 
ver was  a  large  man  and  late  in  life  had  suffered  the  loss 
of  a  limb.  The  son  stepped  from  his  seat  on  the  stage  to 
assist  his  father  to  a  better  position.  He  did  this  uncon- 
scious that  2,000  people  were  admiring  his  filial  devotion. 
As  a  rule,  Senator  DOLLIVER'S  early  friendships  lasted 
through  life.  No  mention  of  his  life  would  be  complete 
which  failed  to  record  what  our  one-time  great  editor, 
Gen.  James  S.  Clarkson,  did  for  the  struggling  youth. 
Clarkson  discovered  many  Iowa  men,  but  none  reached 
the  fame  of  DOLLIVER.  Clarkson  was  DOLLIVER'S  admiring 
and  helpful  friend.  He  never  tired  in  praising  the  young 
man's  oratory.  DOLLIVER  was  Clarkson's  one  intellectual 
gold  nugget.  The  mine  proved  not  to  have  been  salted. 
Later  prospecting  developed  a  richer  lead. 

In  his  earlier  career  the  Senator  said  bitter  things  in 
relation  to  the  other  party.  He  had  breathed  an  in- 


[55] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

tensity  of  feeling  following  the  great  war.  He  had  heard 
bitter  talk  from  his  childhood,  for  all  politics  were  bitter- 
ness in  his  youth.  He  loved  the  old  soldier  and  was  a 
favorite  at  all  Grand  Army  gatherings.  One  of  his 
favorite  utterances  was  that  no  decrepit  Union  soldier 
should  ever  be  seen  going  away  from  the  Treasury  win- 
dow bearing  the  broken  promise  of  Abraham  Lincoln. 
Before  being  elected  to  Congress  DOLLIVER  had  a  national 
reputation  as  an  orator.  In  the  House  he  was  as  a  cav- 
alry leader.  He  was  called  into  action  when  the  fight 
was  thick,  qnd,  no  matter  how  brief  the  notice,  he  was 
found  with  well-filled  oratorical  cartridge  box.  He  sel- 
dom sought  opportunity  for  debate,  but  was  willing  to 
respond  to  the  order  of  his  party.  DOLLIVER'S  service  in 
the  House  might  be  called  his  educational  years,  his 
constructive  years,  his  years  of  character  forming  and 
purpose  defining.  His  friends  at  home  discovered  by 
his  service  in  the  House  that  he  was  a  growing  man. 
As  years  passed  there  came  to  him  intellectual  poise; 
his  form  of  expression  grew  more  conservative.  Thus 
he  reached  a  standing  in  public  estimation  of  being 
something  more  than  an  orator. 

But  his  intellectual  fires  burned  brightest  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  multitude.  This  ability,  he  always  felt,  was 
an  inheritance  from  his  father. 

After  DOLLIVER  had  served  in  the  House  and  his  reputa- 
tion had  become  national  he  was  frequently  mentioned 
for  the  office  of  Vice  President,  and  some  months  before 
his  death  there  had  been  a  conspicuous  expression  that 
he  would  some  time  be  President. 

Just  before  the  convening  of  the  Republican  national 
convention  held  in  Philadelphia  in  1900  a  great  western 
newspaper  suggested  Senator  DOLLIVER  for  Vice  Presi- 
dent. The  movement  grew  to  be  one  of  importance.  I 
was  a  delegate  to  that  convention  and  received  a  tele- 

[56] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 


gram  from  my  associate  delegates,  already  at  Philadel- 
phia, to  come  on  at  once,  prepared  to  help  the  DOLLIVER 
movement  and  to  prepare  a  speech  to  be  used  in  placing 
him  before  the  convention.  I  proceeded  at  once  to  Phil- 
adelphia and  our  political  activities  began.  We  opened 
headquarters.  We  secured  banners  and  a  band  of  music. 
Then  we  began  to  inquire  in  relation  to  our  candidate. 
We  discovered  that  he  was  stopping  with  friends  in  a 
Philadelphia  suburb  and  that  he  was  much  unconcerned 
in  regard  to  the  suggestion  of  his  name.  He  was  urged, 
and  yet  his  enthusiasm  did  not  grow.  He  was  asked  to  go 
before  the  Iowa  delegation  and  finally  did  so,  but  with 
half-unconcerned  and  lukewarm  spirit.  The  DOLLIVER 
enthusiasm  had  not  reached  DOLLIVER;  but  his  friends 
continued  their  campaign  in  his  behalf.  Congressional 
associates  visited  headquarters  and  urged  the  movement 
forward;  but  the  Senator  said  that  he  could  not  afford 
to  be  Vice  President;  that  the  social  requirements  were 
too  many.  The  only  other  name  mentioned  for  Vice 

•4 

President  was  that  of  Col.  Roosevelt.  Col.  Roosevelt's 
friends  were  urging  him  not  to  be  a  candidate  and  not  to 
accept  the  place,  giving  as  a  reason  that  four  years  later 
they  hoped  to  nominate  him  for  President.  This,  then, 
was  the  situation :  Senator  DOLLIVER'S  friends  were  urging 
him  to  accept  the  Vice  Presidential  nomination,  regard- 
less of  his  future,  and  Col.  Roosevelt's  friends  were  de- 
termined that  he  should  not  accept,  having  in  mind  his 
future.  I  have  always  believed  that  if  Col.  Roosevelt  had 
not  consented  to  accept  the  nomination  Senator  DOLLI- 
VER would  have  been  the  nominee,  and  thus  the  whole 
course  of  history  might  have  been  changed. 

The  negotiations  and  consultations  among  party  leaders 
were  numerous.  Senators  Platt,  of  New  York,  and  Quay, 
of  Pennsylvania,  then  conspicuous  in  party  management, 
were  anxious  for  the  nomination  of  Col.  Roosevelt,  to 

[57] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

make  what  they  called  "  a  well-balanced  ticket,"  mean- 
ing that  men  of  different  types  should  be  chosen  for  the 
two  great  offices;  but  these  party  leaders  were  unable  to 
secure  Col.  Roosevelt's  consent.  A  little  later  in  the  pro- 
ceedings these  two  Senators,  now  dead,  left  the  field,  plac- 
ing everything  in  charge  of  Senator  Mark  Hanna.  Sena- 
tor Hanna  was  chairman  of  the  Republican  national  com- 
mittee. With  his  usual  energy,  he  undertook  to  ascertain 
the  situation.  It  is  doubtless  true  that  he  knew  the  situa- 
tion. There  had  been  so  much  in  the  way  of  diplomacy 
between  the  camps  that  the  situation  was  generally  known 
to  active  party  men.  The  first  thing  Senator  Hanna  did 
was  to  call  upon  Senator  DOLLIVER  and  his  friends. 
Learning  that  the  Senator  did  not  have  his  heart  in  the 
cause,  he  asked  the  Senator  and  myself  to  go  with  him 
to  call  upon  Col.  Roosevelt  for  the  purpose  of  securing  an 
acceptance  or  an  unequivocal  refusal.  Col.  Roosevelt 
had  all  the  time  refused  to  say  that  he  would  not  accept 
the  nomination  for  Vice  President,  refusing  to  assume 
that  the  office  was  beneath  him  for  the  reason  that  he 
regarded  it  as  a  great  office.  We  called  upon  Col.  Roose- 
velt. Senator  Hanna  asked  him,  "  Col.  Roosevelt,  will 
you  accept  the  nomination  for  Vice  President?"  As  I 
remember  it,  the  Colonel  responded,  "  I  will,  at  your 
hands  and  at  the  hands  of  the  entire  Republican  Party." 
Then  Senator  DOLLIVER  turned  and  with  a  smile  said,  "  It 
is  all  over.  My  name  shall  not  be  used."  Senator  Hanna 
asked  Col.  Roosevelt  who  would  present  his  name.  The 
Colonel  turned  to  Senator  DOLLIVER  and  Senator  DOLLIVER 
turned  to  me,  remarking  that  "  You  can  just  change  your 
speech  a  little  and  nominate  the  Colonel."  Senator 
Hanna  then,  turning  to  me,  said,  "  It  is  up  to  you,  young 
man."  My  speech  nominating  DOLLIVER  had  already  gone 
out  to  the  Press  Association  and  had  to  be  suppressed  by 
wire.  This  is  the  story  of  the  Vice  Presidency  at  Phila- 

[58] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 


delphia,  briefly  told.  Senator  DOLLIVER  and  myself  have 
many  times  agreed  to  write  the  story  jointly.  We  dis- 
agreed in  no  detail  in  our  recollections,  and  I  have  now 
given  it  as  I  remember  it. 

At  the  Chicago  convention  of  1908  Senator  DOLLIVER 
was  urged  to  accept  the  nomination  for  Vice  President 
and  again  declined,  stating  to  all  that  he  preferred  to 
remain  in  the  Senate. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  will  not  be  longest  remembered  as  a 
politician.  He  was  not  an  organizer.  He  could  not  band 
men  together  except  by  their  affections.  He  will  be  re- 
membered longest  for  his  humanitarian  side.  He  was 
stirred  most  by  what  newspapers  call  **  human  interest 
stories."  This  is  true  of  all  men  who  have  hearts.  Of  all 
themes,  man  is  the  greatest;  of  all  texts,  he  is  the  first. 
DOLLIVER'S  mind  seemingly  never  rested.  When  sitting 
upon  his  front  porch  his  scintillating  remarks  played  like 
sunshine  through  the  branches  of  the  trees,  adding 
brightness  to  the  circumstances  surrounding  him.  He 
was  a  rare  comrade.  The  humblest  loved  him;  others  re- 
spected and  admired.  None  hated  him.  It  is  pitiful  to 
know  that  before  he  died  he  could  not  have  known  that 
all  the  people  of  Iowa  loved  him  as  in  former  years  and 
that  new  political  conditions  had  not  actually  dimmed  the 
memories  of  the  past  or  caused  all  the  State  to  lose  inter- 
est in  the  youth  whose  activity  had  been  their  activities 
and  whose  achievements  had  been  their  achievements. 

When  strong  men  die  in  their  prime  others  say  "  What 
a  pity."  But  is  it  a  pity?  DOLLIVER  lived  his  day,  fought 
his  fight,  won  a  great  name,  established  a  home,  and 
leaves  to  his  descendants  a  heritage  as  enduring  as  time. 
He  might  have  left  a  fortune,  but,  according  to  his  own 
theory,  this  would  have  been  a  misfortune.  In  his  own 
defense  of  American  youth  he  many  times  said  "  The 
farther  you  can  disconnect  the  young  man  from  fifty 

[59] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

thousand  a  year  the  better  for  him."  He  did  not  believe 
in  riches  and  idleness  as  a  means  of  mental  and  moral 
growth.  His  own  experiences  mellowed  his  life  and 
created  his  philosophy.  His  friends  discovered,  in  the 
discharge  of  his  duties,  that  his  purposes  were  patriotic, 
his  love  of  country  genuine.  If  we  shall  always  send  such 
men  to  the  Senate  revolutions  will  represent  the  advance- 
ment following  thoughtful  consideration,  weighed  in  the 
balance  of  judgment,  and  the  Republic  will  be  secure. 
In  all  his  intensity  he  never  forgot  his  responsibilities  to 
his  country.  He  was  one  of  the  few  men  who  could  in- 
terest and  sway  the  multitude  by  a  speech  full  of  patriot- 
ism and  optimism. 

His  life's  labors  are  ended.  His  neighbors  and  friends 
and  an  admiring  people  are  preparing  to  build  a  monu- 
ment marking  his  resting  place.  The  shaft  will  look 
from  an  eminence  to  the  valley  of  the  Des  Moines  River. 
From  this  position  the  eye  can  see  busy  people  and  mov- 
ing trains.  Generations  will  come  and  go,  and  the  name 
of  DOLLIVER  will  not  be  forgotten. 

Last  evening  the  residents  of  this  capital  witnessed  a 
beautiful  sunset.  The  clouds  were  red,  purple,  and  gold. 
The  west  was  in  its  glory.  Viewed  from  the  western 
steps  of  the  Capitol  of  the  Nation,  there,  in  the  back- 
ground of  this  wonderful  picture,  stood  the  Nation's 
monument  to  Washington.  It  was  a  scene  to  inspire  the 
painter.  The  shaft,  in  its  simplicity,  pierced  the  sky  and 
stood  in  the  illumination  as  if  it  were  an  American  out- 
post with  the  light  of  history  behind  it.  Thus  stands  out, 
from  the  achievements  of  a  life,  a  strong  character. 
Thus  will  stand  DOLLIVER  in  the  years  to  come. 

Mr.  President,  as  a  further  mark  of  respect  to  the 
memory  of  Mr.  Clay  and  Mr.  DOLLIVER,  I  move  that  the 
Senate  do  now  adjourn. 


[60] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 


The  motion  was  unanimously  agreed  to,  and  (at  6 
o'clock  p.  m.)  the  Senate  adjourned  until  Monday,  Febru- 
ary 20,  1911,  at  11  o'clock  a.  m. 


FEBRUARY  25, 1911. 

Mr.  YOUNG.  On  the  18th  instant,  when  I  submitted  my 
remarks  in  memory  of  the  late  Senator  DOLLIVER,  I  was 
unable  to  procure  a  copy  of  a  letter  which  I  desired  to 
incorporate  in  order  that  it  might  be  in  the  permanent 
volume.  I  now  have  that  letter  in  print,  written  by  Gen. 
James  S.  Clarkson,  who  knew  Mr.  DOLLIVER  better  than 
any  other  one  living  knew  him.  I  ask  leave  to  present  it, 
not  to  be  read,  but  to  become  a  part  of  the  memorial 
volume  when  it  is  printed,  it  being  necessary  to  its 
completion. 

The  VICE  PRESIDENT.  Without  objection,  the  letter  pre- 
sented by  the  Senator  from  Iowa  will  be  printed  as 
requested. 

Mr.  YOUNG.  I  ask  that  it  may  be  printed  in  the  Record. 

There  being  no  objection,  the  letter  was  ordered  to  be 
printed  in  the  Record,  as  follows : 

[From  the  Des  Moines  (Iowa)  Register  and  Leader] 

MR.  CLARKSON'S  FAREWELL  TRIBUTE  TO  DOLLIVER 

In  a  telegraphic  dispatch  I  have  already  responded  in  part  to 
the  request  of  the  Register  and  Leader  for  "  an  expression  on  the 
death  of  Senator  DOLLIVER."  In  that  I  expressed  my  sense  of  the 
Nation's  loss  and  of  my  own  personal  grief  in  this  untimely  end 
of  his  great  career.  There  will  be  those  who  will  think  that  his 
death,  largely  if  not  wholly  due  to  his  incessant  and  faithful 
overwork  in  the  cause  of  the  people,  will  have  contributed  even 
more  than  he  could  have  done  if  living  to  the  cause  that  he 
espoused  so  earnestly  and  powerfully,  and  this  may  be  true.  Yet, 
for  my  part,  I  believe  that  he  was  plainly  in  the  line  of  destiny  to 


[61] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

serve  a  still  greater  part  in  this  cause  than  he  had  yet  been  able 
to  do,  much  as  he  had  done.  He  had  already  become  the  leader 
of  the  public  thought  of  the  Nation  on  the  great  reforms  so  im- 
peratively demanded  in  some  of  our  leading  national  policies  and 
in  our  business  systems,  and  to  me  he  was  becoming  plainly  the 
choice  of  the  people  for  the  supreme  leader  in  the  final  action 
which  will  put  these  demands  for  change  and  reform  in  the 
national  statutes,  or  such  reforms  as  will  bring  the  country  and 
its  business  and  its  people  back  to  normal  balance,  with  corpora- 
tions and  property  having  all  the  protection  that  they  deserve  and 
yet  with  human  rights  always  having  preeminence  over  property 
and  all  material  things. 

DOLLIVER'S  heart  was  as  much  the  embodied  heart  of  the 
American  people,  the  struggling  and  "  uncounted  millions,"  as  he 
so  fondly  and  so  felicitously  termed  them,  or  the  great  masses 
who  in  their  relative  poverty  have  a  fairer  and  larger  life  in  this 
Republic  than  the  same  class  of  people  have  in  any  other  country 
of  the  world,  just  as  much  as  .the  heart  of  Lincoln  was  the  em- 
bodied heart,  not  only  of  all  the  struggling  and  suffering  millions 
but  also  of  all  patriotic  Americans  in  the  years  before  the  Civil 
War.  Besides  this  almost  divine  sympathy  for  the  people  at 
large  and  his  desire  to  save  the  working  people  of  this  country 
from  being  degraded  to  a  peasantry  similar  to  the  peasantries  of 
Europe,  as  Lincoln  desired  to  free  the  millions  of  human  beings 
from  slavery  at  that  time,  he  also  spent  long  years  of  studious  and 
incessant  investigation  into  all  economic  questions  and  learned 
to  know  the  just  basis  on  which  the  readjustment  in  this  country 
should  and  must  and  will  finally  be  made.  He  was  among  the 
earliest  to  see  the  force  of  the  resistless  evolution  which  has  been 
going  on  in  this  country  particularly,  and  also  all  over  the  world 
in  a  lesser  degree,  and  among  the  first  to  know  that  the  tide  could 
not  longer  be  resisted. 

Instead  of  his  views  as  so  conspicuously  announced  in  his 
speeches  of  unequaled  power  and  persuasion  in  the  debates  in 
the  Senate  on  the  Payne  tariff  bill — the  speeches  which  so  un- 
prejudiced an  authority  as  the  Springfield  Republican,  first  of  all 
political  and  literary  critics  in  New  England,  pronounced  as 
having  brought  the  Senate  debates  of  this  time  to  be  judged  as' 
equal  in  merit  with  the  debates  of  the  days  of  Webster,  Clay, 
Randolph,  and  Calhoun — being  the  zealous  views  of  a  new  con- 
vert, I  personally  know  them  to  have  been  in  fact  his  own  per- 

[62] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 


sonal  views  for  many  years,  for  these  views  long  have  been  my 
own,  and  I  often  talked  them  over  with  him  in  the  intimacy 
existing  between  us,  and  we  both  agreed,  over  20  years  ago,  that 
no  tariff  duty  should  any  longer  be  imposed,  except  in  such 
measure  as  would  protect  the  American  laborer  in  the  difference 
between  American  and  European  wages.  These  were  not  only 
his  private  views  but  often  as  frankly  expressed  public  views. 
In  fact,  I  have  always  felt  that  it  was  the  plank  in  the  Iowa 
Republican  platform  in  1895,  as  I  remember  the  date,  in  the  State 
convention  held  in  Cedar  Rapids,  declaring  that  "  the  tariff  shall 
never  be  allowed  to  become  a  shelter  of  monopoly,"  and  which 
was  presented  by  George  Roberts  and  DOLLIVER,  that  put  Iowa  in 
the  lead  of  a  rising  revolt  against  any  further  high  or  increasing 
tariff.  It  was  this  plank  that  ushered  in  what  finally  became 
nationally  known  as  "  the  Iowa  idea."  In  the  years  since  then  I 
talked  frequently  with  Mr.  DOLLIVER,  and  found  him  increasingly 
in  favor  of  lowering  instead  of  increasing  the  tariff  duties.  I 
talked  with  him  several  times  during  the  debate  on  the  Payne 
bill,  when  he  came  to  New  York  hunting  for  the  actual  facts  as 
to  the  important  schedules  into  which  he  made  such  complete 
and  unsparing  investigation,  and  consulted  with  me  and  other 
customs  officials  in  this  port.  He  never  stopped  until  he  got  the 
entire  truth  in  detail,  which  truth  he  used  with  such  terrific 
effect  in  his  speeches  in  the  Senate  and  with  such  overwhelming 
proof  as  ought  to  have  defeated  the  schedules  that  he  assailed. 

Besides  his  own  tireless  work  and  overwork,  which  at  last  and 
not  slowly  brought  to  him  the  fatal  penalty  which  his  country 
now  deplores,  in  investigating  for  the  truth,  he  had  the  service 
for  several  years,  and  in  the  last  year  or  more  the  constant  service, 
of  Henry  D.  Tichenor,  the  best-posted  man  of  this  time  in  all  the 
intricate  details  of  the  tariff — the  son  and  student  of  Col.  George 
C.  Tichenor,  the  greatest  tariff  expert  this  Nation  has  ever  had 
and  who,  as  a  high  official  of  the  Treasury  Department,  was  the 
expert  authority  and  adviser  of  Congress  in  the  preparation  and 
enactment  of  the  Wilson  bill,  the  McKinley  bill,  and  the  Dingley 
bill.  Thus,  his  speeches  in  the  Senate  were  based  not  only  on 
his  own  long  and  profound  study  of  the  economic  conditions  of 
this  country,  but  also  on  ascertained  and  established  official  facts 
gained  by  him  with  such  an  exhaustless  and  exhaustive  research 
and  with  such  hard  labor  on  his  own  part,  and  through  the 


[63] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

invaluable  help  of  the  first  tariff  experts,  as  no  other  public 
official  had  ever  attempted  or  utilized. 

This  great  testimony  of  incontestible  facts  which  he  gave  in 
the  Senate  served  the  one  great  purpose  of  convincing  the  great 
masses  of  the  people — "  the  uncounted  millions,"  as  he  termed 
them — but  failed  to  convince  the  majority  of  the  Senate,  which 
had  determined  not  to  be  convinced.  Thus  did  he  place  on  the 
great  trestle  board  of  the  Nation's  progress  the  truth,  so  imperi- 
ously demanding  long-needed  reform  in  the  reduction  of  the 
tariff,  and  with  it  the  plan  for  accomplishing  it.  This  plan  that 
he  thus  presented  to  the  wisdom  of  the  Nation  and  the  conscience 
of  Congress  will  surely  yet  be  enacted  into  law;  and  it  is  more 
than  probable  that  he  himself  would  have  been  called  to  the 
Presidency  as  the  insurance  of  its  being  done.  He  had  not  lived 
to  lead  in  fulfilling  his  utterance  as  a  prophet,  but  in  a  not  dis- 
tant time  his  prophecies  will  have  become  the  statutes  of  the  land 
and  the  full  protection  of  the  people. 

That  Senator  DOLLIVER  worked  with  Senator  Cummins  in  the 
final  struggle  in  Washington  was  from  the  fact  that  Senator  Cum- 
mins was  right  also  and  not  because  anyone  or  any  power  than 
his  own  conscience  led  DOLLIVER  to  take  what  his  own  20  years' 
experience  in  Congress  had  shown  him  to  be  the  only  thing  left  to 
do.  I  was  in  sympathy  with  the  most  that  he  did,  and  yet,  as  a 
much  older  man  and  a  man  of  the  older  generation  that  had 
passed,  could  not  share  fully  in  the  views  of  the  new  generation  in 
holding  so  many  of  the  old  party  leaders  as  having  been  unfaithful. 
For  they  had  served  in  a  far  different  period  in  the  evolution  and 
upbuilding  of  this  Nation,  and  had,  in  my  opinion,  served  as 
faithfully  the  demands  of  their  time  as  were  DOLLIVER  and  the 
other  leaders  of  the  new  generation  proceeding  to  fulfill  their 
duties  now.  While  I  approved  his  general  course  of  protest  and 
appeal  in  the  Senate,  and  had  plainly  increasing  admiration  for 
him  for  the  rare  powers  he  was  so  plainly  and  so  constantly 
showing,  I  advised  him  to  vote  at  last  for  his  party  under  protest, 
and  place  the  responsibility  on  it.  Yet  I  am  free  to  say  that  in 
this  he  showed  himself  possessed  of  more  courage  and  more 
loyalty  to  the  people's  interest  than  I  did,  or  the  courage  of  this 
newer  and  braver  and  perhaps  better  era  in  politics.  In  any 
event  he  plainly  met  his  duty  as  he  saw  it,  and  died  proud  of  his 
action;  and  the  coming  time  is  not  unlikely  to  find  posterity  call- 


[64] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 


ing  it  not  only  the  bravest  but  the  greatest  of  all  his  many  acts  in 
his  long  and  brilliant  and  always  faithful  career. 

One  who  has  lived  as  long  as  I  have  and  personally  watched 
the  course  of  things  in  50  years  of  politics  can  look  with  admira- 
tion upon  the  great  leaders  of  the  new  day  and  the  new  order 
without  joining  in  the  too  prevalent  present  tendency  to  impugn 
the  motives  of  the  great  leaders  who  led  in  the  great  legislation 
in  the  generation  just  passed.  For  my  part,  I  believe  that  these 
denunciations  should  cease  and  the  party  be  brought  together  to 
agree  upon  the  legislation  which  is  to  enact  in  the  statutes  the 
reforms  now  so  irresistibly  demanded  by  the  public  interest  and 
the  public  will.  The  party  should  be  brought  together  instead  of 
daily  being  separated  more  and  more.  I  do  not  mean  that  there 
should  be  the  least  surrender  on  the  part  of  the  new  convictions 
or  any  lessening  of  the  demands  for  changes  so  imperatively 
needed,  but  I  do  believe  that  95  per  cent  of  the  Republicans  of 
this  country  want  to  find  in  an  amicable  manner  the  right  way  to 
settle  these  questions.  All  that  is  needed  is  to  ascertain  and  to 
enact  into  law  what  will  be  just  to  property  and  the  people  alike, 
and  yet  with  the  rights  of  the  people  always  above  the  rights  of 
property.  In  my  judgment,  two  such  great  leaders  as  Senator 
Elihu  Root,  so  consummate  in  knowledge  of  corporation  law  and 
corporation  rights,  and  yet  conscious  of  the  rights  of  the  people, 
and  Senator  DOLLIVER,  representing  so  completely  the  interests 
and  wishes  of  the  people,  could  have  come  together  any  time  in 
the  past  two  years  and  made  a  draft  for  three  or  four  statutes 
which  would  have  ushered  in  and  made  the  laws  of  the  land  what 
the  people  are  so  imperatively  demanding  and  will  continue  to 
demand  until  their  will  and  wish  are  complied  with.  The  great, 
greedy  1  per  cent,  or  the  capitalists  who  constitute  not  over  1  per 
cent  of  the  population  of  this  country,  who  have  had  their  way 
too  much  and  too  long,  will  not  much  longer  continue  to  defeat 
the  people  in  their  determination  to  readjust  the  Government  to 
a  basis  absolutely  just  to  all  interests  alike. 

On  the  personal  side  of  Mr.  DOLLIVER'S  life  I  could  easily  fill  a 
whole  page  of  the  Register  and  Leader — or  even  all  its  pages — and 
I  will  venture  to  add  something  on  that  line  to  an  article  already 
too  long.  His  life  readily  groups  itself  into  four  stages: 

First,  the  stage  of  his  boyhood  and  education  in  Virginia,  where 
under  the  loving  care  of  his  father  and  mother  he  was  making 
the  struggle  of  the  son  of  a  poor  preacher  for  a  liberal  education. 

93227°— 11 5  [65] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

Those  who  knew  the  parents  know  that  he  had  an  inspiration 
from  them  both  which  was  almost  divine,  for  both  were  of  the 
best  of  earth;  and  those  who  knew  him  intimately,  and  especially 
in  his  early  days  in  Iowa,  know  his  love  for  them  amounted 
almost  to  worship.  His  father — who  as  a  minister  rode  the  lonely 
circuits  of  the  mountain  districts  of  Virginia,  carried  more  than 
even  the  gospel  of  the  Master  to  a  frontier  people — was  himself  a 
great  man,  and  a  man  who  was  so  devout  and  so  human  himself 
as  to  be  one  of  the  greater  pioneers  in  the  vast  and  faithful  work 
and  uplift  of  the  people  of  the  early  Republic.  Much  of  the  rare 
power  of  oratory  Senator  DOLLIVER  possessed  came  from  his  own 
devout  nature,  inherited  from  his  parents,  with  whom  the  Bible 
was  always  the  highest  platform  not  only  for  human  thought,  but 
for  human  action;  and  nearly  every  great  speech  he  ever  made 
was  informed  and  made,  nearly  inspired,  by  apt  and  irresistible 
quotations  from  its  sacred  pages.  In  &  speech  that  he  delivered 
on  Abraham  Lincoln,  on  Lincoln's  birthday,  before  the  Repub- 
lican Club  of  this  city  four  years  ago,  he  naturally  found  in  the 
character  and  career  of  Lincoln  an  inspiration  to  quote  from  the 
highest  summits  of  the  Bible;  and  it  was  to  such  splendid  and 
impressive  effect  as  to  elicit  from  President  Roosevelt,  who  was 
present,  the  remark  to  me  that  he  thought  it  was  the  greatest  and 
most  impressive  speech  he  had  ever  heard.  It  may  be  said  that 
the  church  gave  Senator  DOLLIVER  to  public  life  and  to  his  great 
work  on  such  a  high  plane,  and  also  made  him  to  be  what  the 
Tribune,  of  this  city,  calls  him  to-day,  "  an  orator  without  a  rival 
in  either  of  the  great  parties."  • 

The  second  stage  of  his  life  begins  when,  fresh  from  college  and 
law  schools,  he  started  West  to  earn  his  own  living  and  to  aid  in 
the  support  of  his  father,  who  had  been  largely  incapacitated  by 
the  loss  of  a  leg.  He  stopped  first  in  Illinois  one  winter  to  teach 
school;  but  nature  and  temperament  and  perhaps  a  higher  power 
kept  his  great  abilities  from  being  long  employed  within  such 
narrow  borders,  and  he  went  on  to  Iowa  to  practice  law  at  Fort 
Dodge  and  to  enter  into  the  great  career  which  he  finally  achieved. 
The  gates  of  Iowa  never  opened  in  more  of  fortune  to  the  State 
than  when  they  opened  to  admit  this  young  pioneer  from  Virginia. 
The  record  to  be  written  now,  the  record  which  will  grow  con- 
stantly larger  as  time  will  pass,  is  that  while  a  great  State  has 
bestowed  its  greatest  honors  upon  this  poor  young  immigrant 
since  that  time,  he  has  in  return  bestowed  still  greater  honors 

[66] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 


upon  it  in  the  theater  of  the  wider  field  of  the  whole  world.  For 
in  faithful  and  mighty  measure  he  has  added  to  the  respect,  the 
admiration,  and  the  love  which  the  world  has  come  to  have  for 
the  Commonwealth  now  so  great,  then  just  rising  into  its  promise 
of  challenging  greatness. 

I  first  saw  Mr.  DOLLIVER  late  in  the  winter  of  1884  at  Fort  Dodge, 
where  I  had  gone  to  see  Gov.  Carpenter,  the  lovable  man  who  was 
one  of  the  noblest  and  the  best  of  lowans.  The  governor,  who 
knew  the  Register  was  always  watching  for  new  stars  arising  in 
Iowa,  told  me  of  DOLLIVER  and  said  he  was  the  making  if  not 
already  the  greatest  orator  in  the  State,  and  asked  me  if  I  would 
not  stay  over  until  the  next,  day  and  he  would  have  a  meeting 
called  in  the  courthouse  with  a  speech  by  DOLLIVER.  I  told  him 
my  engagements  required  I  should  be  in  Des  Moines  that  night, 
and  the  governor  started  to  take  me  to  the  train  in  his  buggy  from 
the  farm.  As  he  was  driving  through  a  street  in  Fort  Dodge  he 
suddenly  said,  "  There's  DOLLIVER  now,"  and  drove  up  to  a  group 
of  men  working  in  the  street;  and  there,  working  in  a  ditch  in  the 
street,  in  his  bare  feet,  working  out  his  poll  tax,  was  the  future 
great  Senator.  It  was  typical  of  the  man,  for  while  he  had  not 
yet  come  to  have  any  income  as  a  lawyer  only  of  the  slenderest 
size,  he  was  meeting  his  duty  as  a  citizen  by  manual  labor,  which 
honored  him,  and  living  in  his  little  law  office,  with  an  oil  stove, 
doing  his  own  cooking,  and  sending  all  possible  money  that  he 
could  earn  and  save  to  his  father  in  Virginia.  Later  in  the  same 
year,  when  he  was  brought  into  the  national  campaign  and  won 
such  an  instant  and  complete  victory  as  an  orator  and  won  so 
much  praise,  Chairman  Jones,  of  the  national  committee,  ex- 
pressed to  me  this  fear  that  such  great  and  high  praise  would 
turn  the  head  of  any  young  man.  I  told  him  then  of  this  instance 
in  Fort  Dodge  and  said  that  a  man  who  started  in  life  in  such  a 
manner  would  always  be  secure  against  any  mere  flattery  or  any 
undue  vanity. 

This  day  in  Fort  Dodge  Mr.  DOLLIVER  met  me  in  such  a  manner, 
and  his  greatness  was  so  brimming  in  him  even  then  and  in  every- 
thing he  said,  that  I  was  immediately  won  by  him,  and  there 
began  one  of  the  two  or  three  most  cherished  intimate  friendships 
of  my  life,  and  which  through  all  the  passing  years  has  changed 
only  to  deepen  and  increase.  I  at  once  decided  to  stay  over  and 
hear  the  new  orator  and  see  the  new  star  in  his  own  orbit.  He 
more  than  justified  Gov.  Carpenter's  ardent  measurement  of  him. 

[67] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

In  March  or  April  we  had  our  State  convention  to  elect  the  Iowa 
delegates  to  the  national  convention  of  1884.  Gov.  Carpenter  and 
I  used  our  influence  with  the  State  committee  and  had  Mr.  DOL- 
LIVER chosen  temporary  chairman  of  the  State  convention.  There 
he  made  the  famous  speech  which  not  only  surprised  and  de- 
lighted the  convention  and  all  the  people  of  Iowa,  but  also  cap- 
tured the  country  at  large  and  was  published  in  many  papers. 
From  that  day  DOLLIVER'S  fame  and  future  high  usefulness  were 
certain  and  secure. 

.  In  that  j'ear  Iowa  gave  its  vote  and  its  heart  to  Elaine.  I  was 
made  the  member  for  Iowa  of  the  Republican  committee — one  of 
the  generous  State's  many  gracious  kindnesses  to  me — with  Mr. 
Blaine  finally  insisting  that  I  should  go  to  New  York  for  the  cam- 
paign as  a  member  of  the  executive  committee,  which  I  reluctantly 
did,  although  I  then  not  only  had  no  ambition  for  national  reputa- 
tion, but  instead  had  firmly  resolved  never  to  leave  or  to  desire 
a  larger  field  than  Iowa,  a  resolve  which  I  have  often  regretted  I 
had  not  always  kept.  In  a  conference  between  the  committee  and 
Mr.  Blaine  in  choosing  the  larger  speakers  for  the  national  cam- 
paign, I  suggested  DOLLIVER,  and  the  other  members,  mainly  east- 
ern men  with  the  usual  prejudice  against  the  West,  thought  it 
personal  partiality  on  my  part.  But  Mr.  Blaine  spoke  up  and 
said,  "  If  that's  the  young  man  who  has  been  showering  Iowa  and 
the  West  with  epigrams,  we  certainly  want  him,  for  his  speeches 
show  him  to  be  a  man  of  rare  and  unusual  power."  So  DOLLIVER 
was  invited.  He  reached  New  York  while  the  executive  com- 
mittee was  in  session,  and  I  had  him  brought  into  the  room  and 
introduced  him.  He  had  the  natural  timidity  of  a  young  man 
among  famous  men,  knowing  that  he  was  under  critical  and  none 
too  friendly  inspection.  After  he  left  the  room  I  said  to  Mr. 
Hobart  (afterwards  Vice  President) :  "  You  are  to  have  an  open- 
ing meeting  to-morrow  night  at  your  home  in  Paterson  in  the  big 
skating  rink  which  you  say  holds  10,000  people  and  will  be  filled. 
All  of  us  on  the  committee  here  will  accept  an  invitation  to  spend 
to-morrow  night  with  you  and  attend  the  meeting.  I  want  you  to 
invite  DOLLIVER  to  speak  there.  If  he  does  not  then  more  than 
prove  all  that  I  have  said  of  him,  he  will  go  back  to  Iowa."  We 
went;  the  great  rink  was  filled  to  overflowing.  Hobart  presided, 
and  we  as  fellow  committeemen  sat  around  him  as  wax  figures 
for  the  occasion.  Hobart  put  up  other  speakers,  and  gradually 
the  audience  began  to  melt  away.  I  finally  told  him  if  he  wanted 

[68] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 


to  save  his  audience  to  put  up  DOLLIVER,  and  I  would  guarantee 
that  no  more  people  would  go  out,  and  that  in  less  than  five  min- 
utes the  applause  he  would  receive  would  call  back  the  people 
who  had  left.  He  reluctantly  consented  and  put  DOLLIVER  up,  and 
in  less  than  five  minutes  he  had  captured  the  audience  and  New 
Jersey  and,  through  the  papers  printing  his  speech  next  day,  the 
country  at  large.  After  that  that  national  committee  could  not 
send  DOLLIVER  to  one  in  a  hundred  of  the  places  he  was  wanted 
and  asked  for.  Mr.  Elaine  asked  to  see  him,  and  at  once  took 
him  on  a  special  train  with  him  for  an  oratorical  tour  of  New 
Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.  This  completed  the  final  arrival  of 
DOLLIVER  in  the  lists  of  national  fame,  and  from  that  time  until 
the  close  of  the  campaign  he  was  kept  away  from  Iowa  and  in 
the  national  service  until  the  election. 

His  first  great  personal  feat  in  American  politics  was  in  the 
great  speeches  he  made  in  Ohio  in  the  campaign  made  that  year 
for  the  election  of  a  State  ticket.  His  campaign  was  so  inspiring 
and  his  persuasion  so  infectious  that  he  gave  new  life  to  the 
Republican  Party  there,  and  it  was  admitted  that  he  had  saved 
the  State  from  what  had  been  expected  to  be  a  Democratic  vic- 
tory. Mr.  Elaine  always  held  Mr.  DOLLIVER  not  only  in  great 
admiration  for  his  rare  ability  as  an  orator  and  leader,  but  also 
in  much  of  personal  affection;  and  gradually  and  quickly  the 
young  western  leader  came  to  be  greatly  beloved  of  all  the  princi- 
pal party  leaders  of  the  Nation. 

The  third  stage  in  Mr.  DOLLIVER'S  evolution  into  a  great  career 
was  in  the  years  when,  in  1889,  he  was  elected  as  a  Member  of 
the  lower  House  of  Congress;  his  early  rise  to  unusual  power  and 
influence  in  that  body;  his  four  reelections  to  the  House  and  the 
constant  increase  of  his  prestige  and  usefulness;  his  large  par- 
ticipation as  a  member  of  the  Ways  and  Means  Committee  in  the 
creation  of  the  McKinley  tariff  law,  where  he  learned  much  of 
the  information  which  he  used  in  the  debate  on  the  Payne  bill; 
and  finally,  after  he  had  become  one  of  the  accepted  leaders  and 
greater  orators  of  the  party,  his  transference  to  the  Senate,  where 
he  came  into  such  close  and  intimate  relations  with  Senator  Alli- 
son, so  loved  and  honored  alike  by  all  lowans  and  all  Americans, 
who  accepted  him  as  a  colleague  who  could  give  as  well  as 
receive  strength  and  help.  He  grew  to  have  still  more  affection 
for  the  venerable  leader  than  he  had  had  before  and  proved  a 
very  Jonathan  and  a  very  pillar  of  strength  to  him  in  his  later 

[69] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

% 

years,  extending  to  such  a  defense  of  him  in  that  last  pathetic  year 
of  life  and  such  a  defense  of  equally  unexampled  devotion  and 
strength  as  no  Iowa  man  had  ever  before  been  given.  DOLLIVER'S 
campaign  in  Iowa  for  Allison's  last  election  was  such  a  demonstra- 
tion of  strength  and  courage  as  no  other  Iowa  man  has  ever 
shown.  Himself  a  man  of  the  newer  generation  and  the  new 
order,  instead  of  going  the  safe  and  easy  way  of  affiliation  with 
his  own  generation  and  making  sure  of  his  future  without  doubt 
or  hardship,  he  voluntarily  and  gladly  took  up  the  cause  of  a  great 
and  noble  man,  who  at  best  was  very  near  the  end  of  his  days,  and 
cheerfully  and  gladly  gave  him  his  support,  and  such  a  support 
and  based  on  such  devotion,  and  despite  the  very  possible  sacri- 
fice of  himself,  as  not  one  man  in  a  million  would  ever  give  even 
to  his  dearest  friend.  This  one  act  of  lofty  courage  and  fidelity 
should  and  will  in  a  State  with  hearts  such  as  the  people  of  Iowa 
have  of  itself  make  the  name  of  DOLLIVER  forever  sacred  and 
loved  by  the  people  who  honored  him  so  much  and  so  often  and 
who  in  loyal  and  grateful  return  honored  them  still  more. 

The  fourth  stage  in  DOLLIVER'S  life,  or  last,  covers  the  closing 
years,  which  will  now  always  have  an  historical  pathos  which 
will  be  inseparable  from  his  undying  fame.  It  covers  the  two 
years  of  his  greatest  achievements,  of  his  proudest  victories  in 
his  service  to  the  people,  which  will  always  be  a  model  because 
of  its  usefulness  and  purity  as  well  as  for  the  luster  of  its  legiti- 
mate greatness. 

In  the  widening  circle  of  his  growing  power  he  had  come  into 
the  consecrated  approval  of  the  people  of  the  whole  Nation — a 
people  who  had  already  come  to  look  upon  him  as  the  desirable 
and  inevitable  man  for  the  supreme  place  in  the  near  future.  He 
had  made  his  way  to  this  high  place  purely  by  his  own  ability. 
He  had  such  help  alone  as  the  inspiration  of  the  devoted  love  and 
help,  first  of  his  parents,  and  next  of  his  wife,  who  was  so  worthy 
of  him  in  all  his  greatness  and  of  his  ambitions  and  purposes, 
and  the  loving  help  of  his  noble  sisters,  and  all  the  others  who 
found  a  new  joy  and  pride  in  being  admitted  to  his  friendship 
and  unchanging  affection.  His  own  sad  and  sudden  death  recalls 
to  those  who  knew  and  loved  the  brother,  too,  for  his  many  noble 
qualities,  the  sudden  death  of  his  brother  Victor. 

For  Iowa  it  may  be  said — and  I  remember  as  I  say  it  many 
thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  of  good  hearts  I  personally  know 


[70] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  YOUNG,  OF  IOWA 


in  the  State,  a  State  I  love  as  I  love  no  other — that  in  none  of  its 
many  acts  which  it  has  rendered  for  the  benefit  of  the  world  and 
the  service  of  mankind  has  it  honored  itself  more  than  in  giving 
to  the  public  service  of  the  Nation  and  to  the  cause  of  the  people 
a  man  so  pure  and  so  great  and  so  useful  as  Senator  DOLLIVER. 

In  the  closing  years  of  my  life,  when,  with  everyone  who  is 
nearing  the  end  of  the  long  journey,  I  find  a  greater  and  yet  more 
radiant  and  revealing  light  shining  on  the  acts  of  all  men,  I  dis- 
cover even  in  the  earlier  public  acts  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  more  of 
useful  contribution  to  the  public  good  and  more  of  lasting  benefit 
to  his  fellow  men  for  all  time  than  I  discovered  then.  They  were 
the  forerunning  prophecies  and  promises  of  the  greater  things  to 
come  in  his  ministry  and  help  since  for  the  waiting  millions 
whom  Lincoln  consecrated  with  the  now  sacred  title  of  "the 
plain  people."  And  as  I  see  now  the  fruitage  of  the  great  results 
of  those  early  efforts  and  review  the  unselfishness  and  the  purity 
as  well  as  the  greatness  of  his  life  and  his  work,  I  find  it  one  of 
the  proudest  titles  I  can  set  down  for  myself  that  I  was  given  to 
gain  the  confidence  and  the  unchanging  friendship  and  affections 
of  the  man  whose  name,  not  only  in  the  years  but  in  the  centuries 
to  come,  will  be  quoted  as  that  of  one  of  the  Americans  most  to 
be  quoted  for  the  emulation  of  all  young  men,  and  to  the  honor 
of  a  Republic  which  could  develop  such  a  man  for  the  larger 
service  of  his  own  and  all  other  people.  Plainly,  and  from  the 
first,  he  "  lifted  his  eyes  unto  the  hills,  from  whence  all  strength 
cometh." 

JAMES  S.  CLARKSON. 


•      [71] 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  THE  HOUSE 

DECEMBER  5,  1910. 

Mr.  HUBBARD  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  offer  the  following 
resolution,  which  I  send  to  the  Clerk's  desk. 
The  Clerk  read  as  follows : 

Resolved,  That  the  House  has  heard  with  profound  sorrow  of 
the  death  of  the  Hon.  JONATHAN  PRENTISS  DOLLIVER,  late  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States  from  the  State  of  Iowa. 

Resolved,  That  the  Clerk  communicate  these  resolutions  to  the 
Senate  and  send  a  copy  thereof  to  the  family  of  the  deceased 
Senator. 

The  resolution  was  agreed  to. 


JANUARY  26,  1911. 

Mr.  HUBBARD  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  offer  the  following 
order. 
The  Clerk  read  as  follows : 

Ordered,  That  there  be  a  session  of  the  House  at  12  m.  Sunday, 
February  26,  1911,  for  the  delivery  of  eulogies  on  the  life,  charac- 
ter, and  public  services  of  the  honorable  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER, 
late  a  Member  of  the  United  States  Senate  from  the  State  of  Iowa. 

The  order  was  agreed  to. 


SUNDAY,  February  26,  1911. 

The  House  was  called  to  order  at  12  o'clock  noon  by 
the  Clerk,  Hon.  Alexander  McDowell,  who  announced 
that  Mr.  Hull  of  Iowa  had  been  designated  by  the  Speaker 
as  Speaker  pro  tempore  for  this  day. 


[72] 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  THE  HOUSE 


The  Chaplain,  Rev.  Henry  N.  Couden,  D.  D.,  offered 
the  following  prayer: 

O  thou  who  art  supremely  wise  and  good,  just  and 
merciful,  pure  and  holy,  our  God  and  our  Father,  we 
thank  Thee  that  no  night  of  sorrow  can  obscure  the  light 
of  Thy  countenance  from  those  who  put  their  trust  in 
Thee.  No  disappointment  so  deep,  so  poignant,  that 
Thou  canst  not  turn  to  hope.  Hence  we  pray  most  fer- 
vently for  those  who  were  bound  by  the  ties  of  love  and 
friendship  to  the  departed  statesmen,  who  strove  ear- 
nestly to  reflect  in  their  lives  and  deeds  the  image  of 
their  Maker.  Grant  that  the  history  recorded  this  day 
may  be  an  inspiration  to  those  who  read,  to  pure  mo- 
tives, clean  living,  and  noble  endeavor,  that,  though 
dead,  their  works  may  live  and  bear  the  fruits  of  the 
spirit  thus  reflected  in  their  lives.  Help  us,  we  beseech 
Thee,  so  to  live  that  when  we  pass  to  the  great  beyond 
we  shall  be  missed  and  cherished  by  those  who  knew  and 
loved  us,  and  song  of  praises  we  will  ever  give  to  Thee 
in  the  name  of  Him  who  taught  us  to  live  well,  and  when 
the  summons  comes  to  pass  serenely  on  with  perfect 
faith  and  confidence  in  Thee,  O  God,  our  Father.  Amen. 

The  Journal  of  the  proceedings  of  yesterday  was  read 
and  approved. 

Mr.  HUBBARD  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  offer  the  follow- 
ing resolutions. 

The  Clerk  read  as  follows : 

Resolved,  That  the  House  has  heard  with  profound  sorrow  of 
the  death  of  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER,  late  a  Member  of  the  United 
States  Senate  from  the  State  of  Iowa,  which  occurred  at  his  home, 
in  the  city  of  Fort  Dodge,  October  15,  1910. 

Resolved,  That  the  business  of  the  House  be  now  suspended 
that  opportunity  may  be  given  to  pay  tribute  to  his  memory. 


[73] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

Resolved,  That  as  a  particular  mark  of  respect  to  the  deceased 
and  in  recognition  of  his  distinguished  public  service  the  House, 
at  the  conclusion  of  the  memorial  exercises  of  the  day,  shall  stand 
adjourned. 

Resolved,  That  the  Clerk  communicate  these  resolutions  to  the 
Senate. 

Resolved,  That  the  Clerk  send  a  copy  of  these  resolutions  to  the 
family  of  the  deceased. 

The  resolutions  were  agreed  to. 

Mr.  HUBBARD  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  ask  unanimous 
consent  that  general  leave  for  five  days  be  granted  to 
Members  to  print  remarks  on  the  life  and  character  of 
the  late  Senator  DOLLIVER. 

The  SPEAKER  pro  tempore.  The  gentleman  from  Iowa 
asks  unanimous  consent  that  leave  be  given  for  five  days 
for  Members  to  print  remarks  on  the  life  and  character 
of  Senator  DOLLIVER.  Is  there  objection? 

There  was  no  objection. 


[74] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  HUBBARD,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  SPEAKER  :  The  first  I  knew  of  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER, 
or  J.  P.,  as  he  was  familiarly  called,  was  about  1882.  In 
my  memory  he  was  then  a  tall,  almost  slender,  yet  power- 
ful youth,  with  a  great  voice  not  yet  touched  in  its 
melody  with  that  certain  roughness  which  later  became 
habitual.  He  was  full  of  a  boyish  fun  and  already 
looked  out  upon  life  with  that  quaintly  cynical  humor 
whfch  saw  the  absurd  in  every  sham,  the  queer  and 
almost  comical  self-deception  in  every  wrong,  and  half 
overlooked  the  sham  and  half  forgave  the  wrong  for  the 
delight  he  found  in  their  very  absurdity. 

I  met  him  through  that  most  lovable  of  men,  Maurice 
D.  O'Connell,  his  lifelong  mentor  and  friend*  and  even 
now  remember  the  prankish  play  of  wit  and  fun  with 
which  the  young  fellow  tickled  and  teased  the  older  man. 
At  home  he  was  the  life  of  every  crowd,  the  joy  of  the 
town,  welcome  alike  to  the  philosophers  of  the  dry-goods 
box,  as  they  reasoned  sagely  of  "  fate,  free-will,  fore- 
knowledge absolute,"  and  to  the  boys  out  for  a  good  time. 

The  first  notes  of  his  eloquence  were  sounding.  With 
all  their  apparent  ease,  they  were  the  results  of  arduous 
training.  I  have  been  told  that  in  those  days  it  was  his 
wont,  whenever  in  reading  or  in  his  own  meditations  or 
in  talk,  he  encountered  a  striking  thought,  a  witty  turn,  a 
suggestive  parallel,  to  note  it  upon  a  slip  of  paper,  pin 
this  conspicuously  on  his  bedroom  wall,  and  rehearse  it 
over  and  over  until  it  became  a  part  of  his  mental  fur- 
niture. He  called  these  his  "  repertoire,"  and  would 


[75] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

recite  them  oratorically  to  his  intimates  with  all  conceiv- 
able variations,  as  might  some  violinist  strive  for  per- 
fect expression  upon  the  trembling  strings.  His  earlier 
speeches  quivered  with  epigram,  each  sentence  rounded, 
complete;  an  argument  in  a  witty  phrase;  -an  heroic  pic- 
ture in  a  gleaming  word.  Such  was  the  speech  at  the 
Republican  State  convention  in  1884  which  first  intro- 
duced him  to  the  State  and  sent  him  to  Congress  in  1890. 
So  light  and  joyous  were  these  children  of  his  brain  that 
men  in  their  laughter  and  applause  forgot  the  earnest 
purpose  behind  the  wit  and  satire.  Stupid  common- 
place exacted  the  usual  bitter  penalty  from  him  who  had 
the  wisdom  to  make  men  laugh.  He  was  an  earnest  man, 
although  he  did  not  clothe  his  earnestness  in  pompous 
phrase.  He  laughed  in  the  face  of  poverty,  yet  took 
prudent  and  anxious  care  for  those  of  his  own  household. 

To  his  revered  father  he  was  a  son  indeed;  to  his 
brothers  and  sisters  he  was  a  brother  indeed.  Who  that 
has  been  privileged  to  see  it  can  ever  forget  the  reverent 
care  which  surrounded  the  aged  and  crippled  father? 
His  was  the  seat  of  honor,  the  voice  of  authority.  To 
the  day  of  his  death  he  ruled  like  a  patriarch  in  the 
household  of  his  son.  And  wife  and  children — who  shall 
tread  within  the  circle  of  their  grief?  With  what  brave 
humor  he  took  up  the  seeming  burdens  of  life  and  bore 
them  so  gladly  that  they  ceased  to  be  burdens  and  be- 
came as  precious  adornments. 

Born  into  the  Methodist  Church,  in  all  his  jovial  and 
free  commerce  with  the  world  he  never  wandered  from 
his  Father's  house.  Nowhere  did  he  appear  to  better 
advantage  than  in  the  councils  of  his  church,  and  no- 
where did  he  render  more  faithful  service.  In  my  own 
town  is  a  college,  struggling  upward  from  weakness  into 
strength— Morningside  College.  To  no  man  after  Bishop 
Lewis  does  this  growing  foundation  owe  more  than  to 

[76] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  HUBBARD,  OF  IOWA 


JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER.  Last  fall,  even  as  his  body  lay 
waiting  for  the  grave,  there  came  a  new  era  to  the  little 
college,  an  era  of  expanding  life  under  Luther  A.  Free- 
man. At  the  inauguration  of  Dr.  Freeman  Senator  DOL- 
LIVER was  to  speak.  When  his  name  was  reached  on  the 
program,  the  great  audience  rose  with  one  impulse  and 
stood  with  tearful  eyes,  a  blessing  on  their  lips.  His 
memory  will  linger  long  as  a  fragrance  in  those  halls. 

Judge  Birdsall,  Gilbert  Haugen,  and  I  spent  a  winter 
with  him  here  in  Washington,  dwelling  in  his  house.  We 
called  ourselves  the  Pirates.  What  boyish,  simple  fun  we 
had.  And  in  the  evening  when  the  fire  was  blazing  in 
the  grate,  how  prodigally  he  poured  forth  the  riches  of 
his  mind.  How  wide  his  reading.  There  seemed  to  be 
no  subject  he  had  not  studied,  no  theme  he  had  not 
pondered. 

This  was  the  year  of  the  rate  bill.  There  came  to 
Senator  DOLLIVER,  in  the  struggle  over  that  bill,  a  broad- 
ening vision,  a  fuller  realization  of  the  tremendous  forces 
at  work  upon  a  revolution  in  the  life  of  the  Republic. 
Then  for  the  first  time  he  feared.  Then  for  the  first  time 
there  dwelt  upon  his  lips  the  phrase,  afterwards  so  famil- 
iar to  the  end,  "  the  integrity,  the  freedom  of  the  Ameri- 
can market  place."  He  saw  the  consolidation  of  the  rail- 
way, shop,  and  bank,  of  transportation,  industry,  and 
finance,  into  one  huge,  overmastering  system,  dictating  to 
men  and  to  communities  the  terms  of  living.  Of  course, 
the  people  are  masters  if  they  will,  but  will  they?  Can 
they  endure  the  steady,  unceasing,  organized  attack  of 
concentrated  interests?  Can  they  endure  with  patience, 
stand  the  brunt  of  hard  times,  go  hungry,  if  need  be,  for 
a  principle,  or  will  they,  like  some  huge,  unwieldy  animal 
caught  in  the  nets  of  the  hunter,  struggle  wildly  for  a  time 
and  then  supinely  yield  to  him  who  gives  food — "bread 
and  circuses?" 

[77] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

I  do  him  wrong  if  I  depict  any  sudden,  Saul-like  conver- 
sion to  a  new  gospel.  The  railroad  question  was  not  new 
to  him.  As  he  himself  says : 

The  fact  is,  I  live  in  a  community  which  for  40  years  has  been 
studying  the  railroad  question.  We  got  started  in  the  study  in  the 
time  of  Gov.  Cyrus  C.  Carpenter.  He  gave  us  a  sentence  in  Iowa 
that  has  been  more  upon  the  lips  of  our  people  than  any  other 
political  maxim,  a  phrase,  if  you  please,  "  the  skeleton  in  the 
corncrib." 

When  in  1906  Senator  DOLLIVER  had  the  fight  for  the 
rate  bill  he  did  it  with  the  ripest  knowledge  and  with  a 
matured  and  earnest  purpose: 

To  prevent,  with  all  the  power  that  this  Government  has  or  can 
acquire,  those  abuses  which  in  20  years  have  converted  our  mar- 
ket place  into  an  industrial  oligarchy  more  powerful  even  than 
the  Government  of  the  United  States. 

So  with  the  tariff'  debate  he  was  upon  no  new  ground; 
no  new  question  surprised  him.  He  was  the  devoted  fol- 
lower of  Elaine.  He  was  the  loving  friend  of  William 
McKinley.  He  had  defended  to  the  uttermost  the  Kasson 
treaties  when  men's  voices  were  dumb.  He  had  spoken 
in  warning  to  deaf  ears.  Had  the  policies  of  Elaine  and 
McKinley,  had  the  treaties  of  reciprocity  negotiated 
through  them  been  honestly  interpreted  and  honestly 
maintained,  we  should  not  to-day  have  the  tariff  question 
agitating  and  vexing  the  business  of  the  land.  I  was  in 
the  Iowa  Legislature  when  that  body  named  him  Senator. 
I  heard  his  speech  of  acceptance.  No  one  there  present 
can  forget  the  profound  impression  made  by  his  deep 
earnestness. 

The  design  of  protective  tariff  laws — 
He  said— 

is  to  prevent  our  home  industries  from  being  overborne  by  the 
competition  of  foreign  producers,  and  it  may  safely  be  said  that 

[78] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  HUBBARD,  OF  IOWA 


no  American  factory  making  an  unequal  or  even  precarious  fight 
with  its  foreign  rivals  will  ever  look  in  vain  for  help  and  defense 
to  the  people  of  Iowa.  But  we  are  not  blind  to  the  fact  that  in 
many  lines  of  industry  tariff  rates  which  in  1897  were  reasonable 
have  already  become  unnecessary  and  even  absurd.  They  remain 
on  the  statute  books  not  as  a  shield  for  the  safety  of  domestic 
labor,  but  as  a  weapon  of  offense  against  the  American  market 
place  itself. 

That  last  sentence  might  stand  as  the  text  for  his  whole 
tariff  contention.  He  came  to  that  great  controversy 
armed  cap-a-pie,  not  so  much  in  any  new  awakening  as 
in  response  to  an  aroused  public  opinion.  He  was  in  the 
full  maturity  of  his  powers.  No  English-speaking  orator 
of  his  time  was  so  equipped  with  every  resource  of  his 
art.  The  theme  was  one  upon  which  he  had  meditated 
long  and  earnestly.  He  had  helped  to  frame  the  Dingley 
tariff,  and  for  many  months  before  the  extra  session 
began  had  studied  every  detail  of  the  schedules.  So 
when  the  time  for  action  came,  no  other  man  alive  was 
so  well  prepared.  The  months  that  followed  revealed 
him  to  his  countrymen  as  he  had  not  been  known  before. 
The  harvest  time  had  come.  The  climax  of  it  all  was  that 
last  great  speech  when  he  seemed  to  rise  to  prophetic 
heights,  when  doubts  vanished  and  faith  reigned.  He 
cried  aloud  with  exultation : 

For  the  day  is  coming — it  is  a  good  deal  nearer  than  many 
think — when  a  new  sense  of  justice,  new  inspirations,  new  volun- 
teer enthusiasms  for  good  government  shall  take  possession  of 
the  hearts  of  all  our  people.  The  time  is  at  hand  when  the  laws 
will  be  respected  by  great  and  small  alike;  when  fabulous  mil- 
lions, piled  hoard  upon  hoard,  by  cupidity  and  greed,  and  used 
to  finance  the  ostentations  of  modern  life,  shall  be  no  longer  a 
badge  even  of  distinction,  but  of  discredit  rather,  and  it  may  be 
of  disgrace;  a  good  time  coming,  when  this  people  shall  so  frame 
their  statutes  as  to  protect  alike  the  enterprises  of  rich  and  poor 
in  the  greatest  market  place  which  God  has  ever  given  to  His 

[79] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

children,  and  when  the  rule  of  justice,  intrenched  in  the  habits  of 
the  whole  community,  will  put  away  all  unseemly  fears  of  panic 
and  disaster  when  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  is  suggested  by 
the  courts.  It  is  a  time  nearer  than  we  dare  to  think.  A  thou- 
sand forces  are  making  for  it.  It  is  the  fruitage  of  these  Chris- 
tian centuries,  the  fulfillment  of  the  prayers  and  dreams  of  the 
men  and  women  who  have  laid  the  foundations  of  this  Common- 
wealth and  with  infinite  sacrifice  maintained  these  institutions. 

This  was  his  swan  song.  A  few  weeks  more  and  he  lay 
at  rest  among  his  loving  and  beloved  people.  So  passed 
this  master  of  speech,  this  gentle,  human,  loving  man, 
with  whom  little  children  played,  with  whom  his  neigh- 
bors joked  and  gossiped,  toward  whom  a  nation  turned 
with  listening  hearts.  For  him  I  refuse  to  mourn;  rather 
would  I  uplift  a  song  of  triumph,  thanksgiving,  and 
praise.  He  hath  fought  the  good  fight. 


[80] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  WOODS,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  SPEAKER  :  This  day  has  been  set  apart  to  honor  the 
memory  of  Senator  JONATHAN  PRENTISS  DOLLIVER,  who, 
though  born  of  humble  parentage,  became  one  of  the 
mightiest  forces  in  the  Nation  for  better  government  and 
the  uplift  of  American  citizens. 

What  may  be  said  here  to-day  will  add  little  to  his 
fame.  If  we  can  but  call  the  attention  of  the  American 
youth  to  the  great  career  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  the  day  will 
have  been  well  spent.  The  record  of  his  life  will  be  an 
inspiration  to  every  boy  in  the  Nation,  whether  among  the 
high  or  yet  among  the  lowly  and  the  poor. 

Mr.  DOLLIVER  was  born  February  6,  1858.  His  father, 
Rev.  James  J.  Dolliver,  was  a  minister  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church;  his  mother's  maiden  name  was  Eliza 
Jane  Brown.  The  place  of  Mr.  DOLLIVER'S  birth  was  on  a 
farm  a  few  miles  from  Kingwood,  Preston  County,  W.  Va. 
When  he  was  12  years  old  the  family  moved  to  Morgan- 
town,  in  that  State,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools. 
He  finished  his  education  in  the  University  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, graduating  from  that  institution  in  1875  at  the  age 
of  17.  After  graduating  from  the  university  he  took  up 
the  study  of  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878. 
He  then  began  looking  about  for  a  suitable  location, 
selecting  the  little  city  of  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa,  where  the 
hills,  undulating  back  from  the  River  Des  Moines,  were 
an  ever-pleasant  reminder  of  his  early  home. 

Mr.  DOLLIVER  brought  to  his  chosen  State  a  purpose  to 
succeed,  a  character  seasoned  by  the  vicissitudes  that 

93227°— 11 6  [81] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

come  to  the  families  of  ministers  of  the  gospel  in  follow- 
ing their  calling  in  the  sparsely  settled  districts,  a  strong 
constitution,  the  result  of  clean  living  and  the  invigorat- 
ing air  of  a  mountain  climate.  Born  on  a  farm,  spending 
his  early  boyhood  in  the  rough  and  hilly  country,  he 
learned  to  love  nature  for  its  own  sake.  Little  wonder 
that  later  on  in  life  his  great  speeches  were  filled  with  the 
music  of  the  songs  of  birds  and  the  ripple  of  the  mountain 
brooks.  His  nature  partook  of  those  early  surroundings, 
which  supplied  him  with  the  many  qualities  that  after- 
wards gained  for  him  national  recognition,  for  there  was 
in  his  eloquence  and  word  pictures  the  grandeur  of  the 
mountain  storm  and  the  beauty  of  the  valleys.  In  his 
home  life  flowers  bloomed  in  his  conversation  and  the 
clouds  drifted  away. 

In  the  year  1878  he  moved  to  the  State  of  Iowa,  the 
soundest,  sweetest,  and  most  wholesome  Commonwealth 
in  the  American  Union.  From  the  moment  he  arrived  in 
Fort  Dodge  until  the  day  of  his  death,  October  15,  1910, 
Mr.  DOLLIVER  was  identified  with  every  forward  move- 
ment. He  endured  and  even  enjoyed  the  hardships  that 
come  to  a  young  lawyer.  In  his  case,  as  in  the  case  of 
others  beginning  the  practice  of  law,  he  had  plenty  of 
time  to  devote  to  the  politics  of  his  county. 

He  began  at  once  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  men 
who  took  an  interest  in  government,  not  only  for  his 
ability  to  speak  but  on  account  of  the  soundness  of  his 
counsel.  The  beginning  of  his  political  career,  however, 
may  be  said  to  date  from  the  time  he  was  selected  as 
chairman  of  the  State  Republican  convention  in  1884.  His 
address  to  the  delegates  was  widely  commented  on,  and 
from  that  time  forward  he  was  in  demand  as  a  speaker 
at  political  and  patriotic  gatherings.  The  prominence 
thus  given  him  resulted  in  his  nomination  and  election 
as  a  Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 

[82] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  WOODS,  OF  IOWA 


Fifty-first  Congress.  The  broader  field  afforded  as  a 
Member  of  the  lower  House  spurred  him  to  put  forth 
his  best  efforts.  A  brilliant  mind  like  Representative 
DOLLIVER  possessed  required  such  a  field  not  afforded  in 
any  other  avocation  or  single  occupation.  This  was  the 
work  he  loved,  the  field  he  sought,  and  it  became  his  life 
work.  Had  his  ambition  been  the  building  up  of  a  great 
fortune  he  would  have  attained  his  goal;  had  it  been  but 
the  quest  of  fame  he  could  have  been  content  to  rest,  for 
his  eloquence  had  already  supplied  him  this.  To  his 
credit  it  must  be  said  that  these  vanities  had  no  attraction 
for  him — he  took  a  broader  and  better  view  of  life;  he 
labored  only  to  serve  his  country  and  his  fellow  man, 
and  to  solve,  if  possible,  the  economic  problems  that  con- 
front the  Nation.  Throwing  all  his  energy  into  his  work 
it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  he  soon  made  his  influ- 
ence felt  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  so  that  when  a 
vacancy  occurred  in  the  Senate  Representative  DOLLIVER, 
seemed  to  be  the  logical  candidate. 

On  August  23,  1900,  he  was  appointed  United  States 
Senator  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Senator 
Gear.  His  previous  training  in  the  House  prepared  him 
to  take  up  at  once  the  work  in  the  Senate.  Constituted 
as  he  was  and  coming  from  humble  surroundings,  he 
worked  and  voted  for  the  welfare  of  the  common  citizen, 
not  being  blinded  by  ambition  or  personal  success.  Nat- 
urally a  student,  he  was  necessarily  a  great  reader,  and 
enjoyed  not  only  the  works  of  the  masters  of  philosophy 
and  political  economy,  but  he  enjoyed  as  well  the  works 
of  fiction  and  the  current  comments  of  the  magazine  and 
newspaper.  In  the  Senate  Chamber  when  Senator  DOL- 
LIVER arose  to  speak  there  fell  an  expectant  hush,  and 
even  though  the  subject  was  of  minor  importance  his 
handling  of  the  matter,  gilded  with  the  touch  of  elo- 
quence, made  the  driest  question  of  state  entertaining. 


[83] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

His  quick  wit  and  wide  knowledge  made  him  a  master  in 
the  verbal  brushes  and  debates.  He  could  stem  and  turn 
the  tide  of  argument  by  his  ability  to  select  the  weak 
points  in  his  opponents,  and  could  paint  their  position  in 
such  a  ridiculous  light  that  he  never  failed  to  bring  forth 
applause.  When  matters  of  great  moment  were  before 
the  country  for  decision  Senator  DOLLIVER  set  at  once  to 
work  to  secure  all  available  information,  and  viewed  the 
question  from  every  standpoint  before  attempting  its 
solution.  He  was  an  untiring  worker,  and  when  he  had 
collected  all  his  data  and  properly  arranged  it  for  sum- 
ming up,  it  could  be  depended  upon  that  when  he  pre- 
sented it  to  the  Senate  that  every  phase  of  the  question 
had  been  considered.  It  was  not  to  the  Senate  alone, 
however,  that  he  spoke;  the  Nation  was  his  audience 
chamber  and  the  90,000,000  Americans  his  auditors. 

Being  of  a  genial  disposition,  he  avoided  all  useless 
arguments  and  controversies,  and  in  questions  of  state 
was  slow  to  discuss  the  matter  until  thoroughly  convinced 
of  the  correctness  of  his  position.  When  he  had  once 
concluded  the  proper  course  to  pursue  he  could  not  be 
swerved,  by  friendship  or  other  consideration,  from  his 
purpose  of  championing  the  cause.  While  he  felt  keenly 
any  coldness  on  the  part  of  his  friends  and  their  disap- 
proval of  his  attitude,  he  never  allowed  that  fact  to  lessen 
his  vigorous  support  of  righteous  legislation.  I  have 
often  beheld  him  during  a  debate  on  some  great  ques- 
tion, like  the  tariff  or  transportation,  when  his  whole 
being  would  be  summoned  to  action  by  the  knowledge  of 
his  own  responsibility  to  see  that  justice  was  done;  the 
light  of  understanding  was  in  his  eye  and  righteous  deter- 
mination in  his  heart.  His  aim  and  endeavor  was  the 
restoration  and  continuance  of  the  power  of  the  individ- 
ual citizen,  and  to  do  right  because  it  was  right.  He 
accomplished  much  for  the  benefit  of  his  countrymen 

[84] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  WOODS,  OF  IOWA 


and  the  common  people  and  endeavored  to  eradicate  the 
cause  of  inequality  to  the  individual  and  make  his  coun- 
try a  place  of  equal  opportunity  and  enjoyment  of  citizen- 
ship to  all.  It  has  been  remarked  that  Senator  DOLLIVER 
surely  enjoyed  the  full  measure  of  public  honor,  but  I 
believe  that  had  he  lived  his  country  would  have  further 
crowned  his  career  with  the  highest  honor  that  is  within 
the  gift  of  the  American  people. 

In  reviewing  the  life  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  and  summing 
up  his  career  we  are  too  apt  to  see  but  the  public  side  of 
the  man  and  forget  entirely  his  home  life.  Senator 
DOLLIVER  was  married  in  1895  to  Miss  Louisa  Pearson,  and 
to  this  union  were  born  three  children,  Margaret,  Frances, 
and  George  Prentiss.  I  love  to  think  of  him  in  his  home, 
where,  in  the  early  evening  with  his  family  and  in  con- 
versation with  them,  he  would  receive  the  inspiration  for 
his  labors  the  following  day.  It  was  his  habit,  later  in 
the  evening,  to  gather  about  him  his  books,  the  works  of 
masters  and  the  humbler  poets;  there  amid  the  solitude, 
surrounded  by  these  mute  friends,  his  soul  would  receive 
all  the  wonders  of  the  creation  of  the  human  mind.  And 
thus  at  some  future  time  in  the  Senate  his  memory,  as 
treasurer,  was  always  ready  to  pay  the  drafts  made  upon 
it  in  debate. 

Not  long  ago  I  went  down  the  Potomac  River  to  Mount 
Vernon,  the  last  earthly  home  of  George  Washington.  I 
stood  on  the  beautiful  slope  that  rises  up  from  the  river, 
and,  while  moved  by  the  inspiring  surroundings,  I  medi- 
tated upon  the  great  purposes  and  the  splendid  achieve- 
ments of  the  departed  President.  I  was  impressed  with 
the  maxim  that  the  good  that  men  do  live  after  them. 
On  the  southern  hillside  stands  the  tomb  of  Washington, 
where  his  earthly  remains  have  reposed  for  more  than  a 
century.  On  the  tomb  are  inscribed  these  words: 
"  Though  ye  are  dead,  yet  shall  ye  live." 

[85] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

That  motto  could  find  no  more  substantial  vindication 
than  the  life  of  Washington,  and  no  fitter  epitaph  could 
be  invented  for  his  tomb.  It  embodies  the  spirit  of  fame, 
the  power  of  example,  the  permanence  of  achievement, 
and  the  immortality  of  unselfishness.  The  influences  of 
the  nameless  dead  linger  with  us  still;  they  sway  and 
direct  our  course  by  their  precepts  and  examples.  In  the 
moment  of  doubt  we  consult  precedent,  and  precedent 
is  but  the  deeds  of  those  who  have  gone  before. 

In  the  city  of  Fort  Dodge  they  are  building  a  monu- 
ment to  commemorate  the  great  work  Senator  DOLLIVER 
has  done  in  behalf  of  the  American  Government  and  its 
citizens,  upon  which  I  hope  the  sculptor  will  inscribe  the 
same  epitaph  as  is  upon  the  tomb  of  Washington, 
"Though  ye  are  dead,  yet  shall  ye  live."  The  people  of 
Iowa  will  always  take  pride  in  pointing  to  the  life  of 
Senator  DOLLIVER  as  exemplary.  I  am  glad  they  are 
building  that  monument  in  his  home  city.  Monuments, 
however,  are  not  needed  to  perpetuate  his  memory.  The 
work  of  his  great,  noble  mind  and  heart  will  be  unfor- 
gotten  when  the  monument  above  his  resting  place  shall 
have  crumbled  into  dust. 

Senator  JONATHAN  PRENTISS  DOLLIVER  has  gone,  his  work 
is  finished,  but  the  influences  of  his  life  will  become  more 
and  more  potent  for  good.  The  world  is  better  for  his 
having  lived.  In  years  to  come,  from  his  toil  and  sowing 
the  American  people  will  garner  a  rich  harvest. 


[86] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  NORRIS,  OF  NEBRASKA 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  The  great  State  of  Iowa  gives  praise  to- 
day to  the  memory  of  her  honored  son.  And  well  she 
may,  for  the  fame  of  his  brilliant  career  has  brought 
honor  to  the  State  he  loved  so  well;  and  yet  Senator 
DOLLIVER  belonged  to  us  all. 

When  the  news  of  his  untimely  taking  off  was  flashed 
across  the  wires  every  humble  home  in  our  broad  land 
lost  a  champion  and  every  fireside  a  defender.  His  work 
was  national;  his  fame  was  world- wide,  and,  coming  as 
I  do  from  the  western  plains  far  beyond  the  limits  of  his 
adopted  State,  I  bring  to  his  bier  a  token  of  honor  and 
respect  from  those  who  knew  him  best  for  what  he  stood 
and  loved  him  most  for  what  he  did.  We  admired  his 
statesmanship;  we  loved  him  for  his  patriotic  courage; 
we  believed  in  his  wisdom;  we  trusted  his  fidelity;  and 
we  would  have  gladly  followed  in  his  lead  in  every  strug- 
gle for  the  advancement  of  human  rights  and  the  preser- 
vation of  our  liberties.  We  believed  in  his  destiny,  and 
had  he  been  spared  to  a  grateful  people,  their  faith  would 
have  placed  him  at  the  helm  and  made  him  the  Chief 
Magistrate  of  our  common  country. 

The  record  of  his  public  service  is  known  in  every 
humble  home,  and  in  the  great  West  at  many  a  hearth- 
stone, as  evening  shadows  fall  and  the  little  brood  is 
gathered  around  maternal  knee  to  say  the  evening  prayer, 


[87] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

the  childish  heart  is  cheered  anew  to  hear  again  from 
mother's  lips  the  story  of  DOLLIVER'S  life.  He  is  gone, 
but  the  lesson  of  his  life  is  with  us  yet,  and  every  struggle 
that  he  made  in  our  behalf  will  still  remain  as  shining 
stars  to  guide  aright  the  weary  footsteps  of  those  who 
follow  and  those  who  are  to  come. 

I  saw  him  last  just  at  the  adjournment  of  the  pre- 
ceding session.  He  told  me  then  that  overwork  had  well- 
nigh  broken  down  his  strength;  and  now  it  seems  to  me, 
in  looking  back,  that  then  he  spoke  in  prophetic  vision 
when  he  said  that  unless  he  at  once  sought  rest  and  quiet 
his  days  on  earth  were  numbered.  He  had  been  labor- 
ing then  through  two  almost  continuous  sessions  with 
unceasing  toil,  and  well  he  knew  that  he  had  reached  the 
limit  of  human  endurance.  He  had  decided  then  to  take 
a  well-earned  rest  and  rebuild  his  wasted  strength  for 
the  work  of  the  present  session;  but  duty  called  and  he 
obeyed.  He  knew  the  danger  of  his  course,  but  without 
consideration  for  his  own  welfare  or  even  his  own  life 
he  plunged  into  a  vigorous  campaign  in  defense  of  those 
principles  which  he  conscientiously  believed  to  be  right. 
With  labor  unceasing  and  with  courage  undaunted  he 
boldly  faced  the  danger  that  he  well  knew  was  liable  to 
bring  the  unanswerable  summons  that  came  too  soon. 
He  sacrificed  his  life  upon  the  altar  of  his  country  as 
truly,  as  bravely,  and  as  nobly  as  any  knight  who  ever 
faced  a  foe  upon  the  field  of  battle.  Overburdened  with 
the  cares  of  state,  on  the  topmost  hill  of  life's  pathway, 
while  the  sun  was  still  shining  in  the  zenith,  he  laid  his 
burden  down  and  sank  to  eternal  rest. 

It  is  sometimes  difficult  for  mortal  man  to  understand 
the  wisdom  of  a  mysterious  Providence  when  such  men 
are  stricken  down  at  the  noonday  hour  of  life,  and  yet  it 
has  been  the  fate  of  many  of  our  most  useful  and  illus- 
trious men.  It  almost  seems  like  a  denial  of  justice  to 

[88] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  NORRIS,  OF  NEBRASKA 

strike  them  down  before  they  have  heard  the  shouts  of 
triumph  from  those  who  follow  and  before  they  have 
felt  the  crown  of  victory  upon  the  brow.  But,  after  all, 
when  we  consider  the  brief  span  of  life's  existence, 
it  matters  but  little  whether  the  summons  comes  at 
noon  or  whether  it  takes  us  off  as  the  sun  is  sinking  in 
the  west. 

But  whenever  it  does  come,  if  we  can  look  back  over 
the  road  we  have  trod  and  see  along  the  pathway  the 
flowers  of  love,  of  justice,  and  of  mercy  that  have  been 
planted  by  our  own  hands  to  blossom  and  to  bloom  for 
those  who  follow,  then  life  shall  not  have  been  lived  in 
vain.  We  can  honor  our  illustrious  dead  most  by  living 
the  life  they  would  have  us  lead  and  remaining  true  to  the 
principles  for  which  they  labored  and  for  which  they 
died.  These  occasions  are  not  for  the  good  of  the  dead, 
but  for  the  benefit  of  the  living.  In  the  face  of  death  we 
all  realize  our  weakness.  It  is  well  for  struggling  mortals 
to  touch  elbows  around  the  open  grave.  It  drives  from 
out  the  heart  selfishness  and  greed,  it  frees  the  mind  of 
anger  and  of  hate.  It  reminds  us  that  in  but  a  few  days 
we  all  must  follow;  that  the  rich,  the  poor,  the  small,  the 
great,  must  all  meet  upon  the  common  level  in  answer  to 
the  summons;  and  that  after  all  life  is  too  short  to  carry 
in  the  heart  any  envy  or  ill-will  against  our  fellow  man. 
It  teaches  the  doctrine  of  the  fatherhood  of  God  and  the 
brotherhood  of  man,  and  standing  here,  as  it  were,  beside 
the  open  grave,  with  life's  tenure  unknown,  but  with 
eternity  in  view,  let  me  say: 

When  I  am  old — and  O,  how  soon 
Will  life's  sweet  morning  yield  to  noon, 
And  noon's  broad,  fervid,  earnest  light 
Be  shaded  in  the  solemn  night! 
Till  like  a  story  well-nigh  told 
Will  seem  my  life,  when  I  am  old. 

[89] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

When  I  am  old — perhaps  ere  then 
I  shall  be  missed  from  haunts  of  men; 
Perhaps  my  dwelling  will  be  found 
Beneath  the  green  and  quiet  mound; 
My  name  by  stranger  hands  enrolled 
Among  the  dead — ere  I  am  old. 

Ere  I  am  old,  O  let  me  give 

My  life  to  learning  how  to  live! 

Then  shall  I  meet  with  willing  heart 

An  early  summons  to  depart, 

Or  find  my  lengthened  days  consoled 

By  God's  sweet  peace — when  I  am  old. 


[90] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  PICKETT,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  In  the  early  eighties  the  country  school- 
house  campaign  was  at  its  height  in  Iowa.  In  those  days 
the  farmer  did  not  have  the  telephone  or  rural  mail  serv- 
ice. He  was  not  taking  the  daily  newspaper  or  magazine. 
The  family  reading  consisted  of  the  weekly,  which  usually 
did  not  devote  an  extravagant  space  to  political  affairs. 
This  made  it  necessary  to  carry  the  campaign  into  the 
country  precincts,  and  few  were  the  schoolhouses,  near 
or  remote,  that  did  not  have  a  meeting.  It  was  a  great 
training  school.  Many  of  the  noted  men  of  Iowa — some 
who  have  since  sat  in  the  Cabinet  or  occupied  the  Speak- 
er's chair  or  stood  with  "  The  applause  of  listening  Senates 
to  command" — commenced  their  public  career  in  the 
country  schoolhouse. 

In  the  year  in  mind  the  managers  of  the  Republican 
Party  in  my  home  county  heard  of  a  young  man  in  Fort 
Dodge  who  had  acquired  some  local  reputation  as  a 
speaker  and  secured  him  for  a  series  of  schoolhouse 
speeches.  Reports  of  the  meetings  reached  the  county 
seat  and  created  so  much  interest  that  a  closing  rally  was 
arranged  for  Saturday  night.  I  attended  the  meeting  and 
for  the  first  time  listened  to  the  matchless  eloquence  of 
JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER. 

Soon  after  he  was  chosen  temporary  chairman  of  the 
Republican  State  convention,  and  from  the  date  of  his 
speech  delivered  on  that  occasion  his  career  may  be  said 
to  date.  His  rise  to  prominence  was  sudden,  but  his 
tenure  secure.  How  few  the  public  men  of  to-day  who 


[91] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

can  command  an  audience  anywhere  in  our  land  and 
how  few  of  this  number  could  do  so  20  years  ago.  How 
very  few,  in  all  our  history,  whose  hold  on  the  public  con- 
tinued with  increasing  power  for  more  than  a  decade. 
DOLLIVER  answered  this  test.  Each  year  witnessed  a 
steady  and  certain  growth.  From  his  recorded  speeches 
you  can  trace  the  expanding  intellect,  the  ripening  wis- 
dom, the  accumulating  knowledge,  and  increasing  power 
with  which  his  career  was  characterized. 

DOLLIVER'S  achievements  as  an  orator  may  be  attributed 
to  both  natural  endowment  and  personal  attainment. 
He  was  gifted  with  rare  intellectual  faculties,  an  un- 
bounded faith,  a  picturesque  imagination,  a  unique 
humor,  and,  besides,  had  both  a  disposition  and  capacity 
for  work.  He  acquired  a  storehouse  of  information 
along  broad  lines  of  history,  science,  biography,  and  lit- 
erature. He  was  a  student  of  social,  economic,  and  po- 
litical problems.  He  was  unusually  gifted  in  anecdote, 
homely  illustration,  and  personal  reminiscence;  and  all 
were  so  card-indexed  in  his  memory  that  they  seemed  to 
come  forth  without  effort  just  at  the  right  time.  The 
element  of  surprise  was  always  present.  You  dwelt  in 
expectancy.  He  would  pass  in  easy  rapidity  from  the 
most  common  and  grotesque  illustration  to  classic  refer- 
ence or  philosophic  observation.  In  this  respect  he  was 
the  same  in  private  conversation  as  in  public  address. 

During  the  latter  years  of  his  service  he  gave  more 
attention  to  debate — the  greatest  crucible  of  a  speaker's 
powers  and  resources — for  then  the  moorings  are  severed 
and  you  must  stand  alone.  DOLLIVER'S  success  in  the 
forensic  arena  surprised  even  his  friends.  It  was  there 
that  all  of  his  natural  and  acquired  resources  were 
brought  into  play.  He  was  equipped  with  the  weapons 
of  attack  and  defense.  His  debates  during  the  first  and 
second  sessions  of  the  Sixty-first  Congress  will  be  historic. 


[92] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  PICKETT,  OF  IOWA 


Even  his  opponents  and  those  against  whom  his  attacks 
were  directed  admit  his  claims  to  greatness. 

The  purposes  of  this  hour  do  not  permit  an  extended 
analysis  of  the  varied  elements  which  merged  in  the 
ultimate  fact  of  his  power  either  as  a  debater  or  platform 
orator.  His  power  could  only  be  appreciated  by  those 
who  came  under  its  immediate  presence,  for  in  action 
his  whole  being  seemed  a  part  of  his  spoken  word. 

Pure  and  eloquent  blood 

Spoke  in  his  cheek,  and  so  distinctly  wrought 

That  one  might  almost  say  his  body  thought. 

The  late  Senator  Ingalls  may  have  surpassed  him  in 
satire  and  invective;  Tom  Corwin,  in  humor;  Wendell 
Phillips,  in  sustained  strains  of  lofty  patriotic  appeal; 
Webster,  in  the  depth  and  profundity  of  his  reasoning; 
but  in  the  peculiar  blending  of  all  these  various  attributes 
DOLLIVER  stands  alone.  He  had  no  predecessor,  and  con- 
temporary oratory  discloses  no  successor. 

It  is  impossible  to  measure  the  influence  exerted  by 
the  orator.  The  writer  can  be  judged  by  his  books,  the 
jurist  by  his  decisions,  the  statesman  by  his  measures, 
but  the  influence  exerted  by  the  orator  is  intangible.  He 
appears  before  the  crowded  auditorium  for  an  hour  or 
so,  passes  on,  and  no  one  can  tell  how  many  have  felt 
the  impress  of  some  new  thought,  some  new  hope;  how 
many  have  been  inspired  to  better  things,  or  gathered 
new  courage  to  go  forth  and  battle  for  the  right.  Each 
life  has  but  few  intense  moments,  but  in  those  few  mo- 
ments there  is  a  rebirth  whose  influence  goes  on  and  on. 

In  the  addresses  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  there  was  a  vein 
of  optimism.  His  buoyant  faith  forbade  the  contrary. 
It  was  natural  for  him  to  look  upon  the  bright  side.  He 
had  a  cheerful  and  hopeful  philosophy  of  life,  and  this 
was  radiated  in  whatever  circle  he  moved.  There  was 


[93] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

nothing  depressing  in  his  message,  and  this  was  par- 
ticularly true  when  addressing  young  people,  the  boys 
and  girls  who  were  concluding  their  high  school  or  uni- 
versity course,  for  on  such  occasions  he  transmitted  to 
the  minds  and  hearts  of  his  young  hearers  a  spirit  of 
gratitude  for  the  possibilities  of  our  free  institutions,  in- 
spired confidence  to  go  forth  into  the  battle  of  life,  and 
held  out  to  each  and  all  the  goal  which  could  be  attained 
through  lives  of  virtue,  industry,  and  courage. 

To  hear  DOLLIVER  was  a  stimulus  for  higher  culture, 
better  citizenship,  and  purer,  ideals  of  government.  With 
him  patriotism  was  almost  a  passion — patriotism  in  its 
broad  and  noble  sense,  that  which  stands  for  righteous- 
ness in  public  as  well  as  private  affairs.  Viewed  from 
this  standpoint,  who  can  estimate  or  measure  the  influ- 
ence he  exerted  on  society? 

Others  who  have  been  associated  with  him  during  his 
career  in  the  House,  as  well  as  in  the  Senate,  have  spoken 
of  his  public  service  as  a  legislator.  He  stood  for  justice; 
he  fought  for  good  government;  he  championed  the  cause 
of  the  people  and  of  humanity  in  the  broadest  sense;  he 
pleaded  for  that  equality  of  opportunity  which  would 
plant  the  seed  of  hope  in  the  humblest  heart.  In  the 
storm  center  of  controversy  he  stood  erect.  He  was  one 
of  the  central  figures  in  an  epoch-making  period  of  our 
history  and  played  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  considera- 
tion of  its  important  constructive  legislation.  "  His  name 
is  enrolled  in  the  Capitol,"  and  no  words  of  mine  can 
add  luster  to  his  fame.  It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  when 
some  future  historian  writes  the  story  of  these  times  the 
name  of  JONATHAN  PRENTISS  DOLLIVER  will  be  given  a 
notable  place. 

DOLLIVER  loved  his  adopted  State  and  was  beloved  by  it. 
Few  men  in  the  history  of  Iowa  have  been  held  in  such 
affectionate  regard.  The  reason  for  this  lay  not  so  much 

[94] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  PICKETT,  OF  IOWA 


in  his  public  service  and  achievements  as  in  his  undefin- 
able  personality.  He  had  a  cordial  greeting  and  hearty 
handclasp  for  all.  He  was  easy  of  approach.  Around 
him  was  no  self-imposed  barricade.  He  lived  in  the 
open.  He  had  a  guest  chamber  reserved  for  all  who 
sought  the  hospitality  of  his  friendship.  There  was  ever 
an  outcropping  of  boyish  good  feeling.  Kindliness 
breathed  in  his  words  and  was  reflected  in  his  manner. 
He  did  not  cherish  hatred,  but  used  the  strength  thus 
saved  as  a  magnet  to  draw  his  friends  closer.  His  con- 
tests left  no  personal  sting.  Out  of  the  bitterness  of  con- 
troversies arose  the  charity  of  the  generous  foe.  Victory 
did  not  conceit  him,  nor  defeat  disturb  his  equipoise. 

He  was  a  many-sided  man.  He  loved  the  varied 
phases  of  life.  He  was  at  home  either  in  the  drawing- 
room  or  the  country  store,  in  the  marble  halls  of  state  or 
the  cornfields  of  Iowa,  with  the  greatest  scholars,  divines, 
and  leaders  of  our  time,  or  the  unlettered  fisherman,  or 
the  lowly  workman  with  face  and  hands  begrimed  with 
honest  toil,  and  responded  with  equal  interest  to  every 
environment.  He  was  genuinely  and  intensely  human. 

No  one  could  know  the  filial  love  and  reverence  of 
DOLLIVER  for  his  venerable  father,  and  his  devotion  to 
wife,  children,  brothers,  sisters,  and  friends,  without  for- 
getting all  other  things  in  admiration  of  these  qualities 
of  the  man.  These  things  were  known  to  the  people  of 
Iowa.  They  are  the  real  basis  of  friendship  and  love  and 
faithful  followers.  These  qualities  shone  to  best  advan- 
tage when  alone  with  his  friends,  "  the  world  forgetting, 
by  the  world  forgot."  It  is  in  such  moments  that  the 
soul  feels  and  the  mind  thinks  aloud. 

DOLLIVER'S  inheritance  and  early  training  shaped  his 
life.  He  was  born  in  Virginia  during  the  days  when 
it  was  the  border  line  between  the  two  great  contending 
forces  of  this  country  over  the  greatest  moral  issue  of 

[95] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

the  age.  His  father  was  a  Methodist  minister — a  circuit 
rider  of  the  old  days — and  had  that  simple  and  intense 
faith  of  which  apostles  are  made.  DOLLIVER  inherited 
these  traits.  He  was  strongly  religious  in  the  broad 
sense,  and  faith  seemed  to  be  his  guiding  star,  and  to  this 
many  of  his  friends  attribute  his  success. 

A  short  time  before  his  death  he  was  walking  in  the 
evening  with  one  of  his  closest  friends  over  the  farm 
whose  hills  and  fields  and  trees  he  loved  so  well,  and 
where  he  sought  refuge  from  the  many  pressing  cares  of 
public  life.  He  was  conversing  in  all  the  abandonment 
of  confiding  friendship,  when  suddenly  he  paused  and, 
turning  to  his  friend,  said :  "  Do  you  know  the  most  beau- 
tiful thing  that  was  ever  written?  I'll  tell  you  what  it  is: 

"Sunset  and  evening  star, 

And  one  clear  call  for  me! 
And  may  there  be  no  moaning  of  the  bar 
When  I  put  out  to  sea. 

"Twilight  and  evening  bell, 
And  after  that  the  dark! 
And  may  there  be  no  sadness  of  farewell 
When  I  embark; 

"  For  though  from  out  our  bourn  of  time  and  place 

The  flood  may  bear  me  far, 
I  hope  to  see  my  Pilot  face  to  face 
When  I  have  crossed  the  bar." 

Recalling  this  scene  afterwards,  his  friend  remarked 
that  it  seemed  as  though  he  must  have  felt  at  that  time 
the  shadows  gathering  about  him. 

I  shall  never  forget  the  scene  at  the  grave  side  of  DOL- 
LIVER. It  was  a  cold,  rainy,  drear  October  day.  It 
seemed  as  though  nature  itself  was  in  mourning.  At  the 
conclusion  of  the  simple  burial  service  Mrs.  Dolliver, 
stepping  to  the  side  of  Bishop  McDowell,  asked  him  to 

[96] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  PICKETT,  OF  IOWA 


lead  in  singing  the  hymn  "  We  shall  Meet  in  the  Sweet 
By  and  By,"  and  as  he  did  so  Mrs.  Dolliver  and  the 
brother  and  sister  and  other  members  of  the  family  and 
then  the  friends  who  had  gathered  there  joined  in  the 
singing.  As  the  sad  and  broken-hearted  circle  stood 
around  the  grave  with  its  lowering  casket  laden  with 
loving  flowers  at  the  moment  of  final  parting  with  all 
that  was  mortal  of  the  loved  husband,  father,  brother, 
and  friend,  the  words  of  that  beautiful,  hopeful,  and  con- 
soling hymn,  borne  on  voices  bathed  with  tears  and 
freighted  with  grief,  created  an  impression  on  my  mind 
which  time  can  never  efface.  It  told  better  than  any 
words  can  describe  that  indefinable  faith  which  was  the 
sustaining  power  and  consolation  of  the  Dolliver  family, 
for  only  such  a  faith  could  sing  such  a  song  under  such 
circumstances.  It  robbed  the  grave  of  its  terrors,  when 
faith  lifted  our  eyes  to  the  reunion  when  "  we  shall  meet 
in  the  sweet  by  and  by." 


93227°— 11 7  [97] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  KENNEDY,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  SPEAKER  :  This  is  the  second  time  in  a  period  of  two 
years  that  our  delegation  has  assembled  to  pay  a  tribute 
of  respect  to  a  deceased  Senator  of  our  State.  On  a  for- 
mer occasion  we  met  to  commemorate  the  life  and  service 
to  the  Nation  of  the  late  Senator  Allison,  whose  death 
came  at  a  ripe  old  age  after  a  period  of  ill  health,  and 
his  death  was  not  unexpected.  To-day  we  are  here  for  a 
similar  purpose — to  pay  a  tribute  of  respect  to  the  late 
Senator  DOLLIVER,  whose  sudden  and  unexpected  death 
came  as  a  blow  to  the  people  of  the  State  and  Nation  at  a 
time  when  the  eyes  of  the  public  were  focused  on  him  as 
a  commanding  figure  in  the  United  States  Senate,  a  posi- 
tion attained  by  his  unusual  ability  and  industry. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  was  not  a  native  of  Iowa;  he  was 
reared  in  West  Virginia,  where  he  secured  his  education, 
finishing  in  the  university  of  that  State.  He  then  moved 
to  Fort  Dodge,  where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
and  where  he  lived  up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

It  was  fitting  that  the  end  should  come  amid  scenes  so 
dear  to  him,  surrounded  by  people  all  of  whom  were  his 
friends,  who  had  seen  him  rise  from  the  obscurity  of  a 
young  lawyer  to  the  highest  position  within  the  gift  of  the 
State. 

His  public  career  started  at  an  early  age;  he  had  not 
been  long  in  Iowa  until  the  opportunity  offered  to  show 
his  power  as  a  speaker.  He  was  chosen  temporary  chair- 
man of  a  State  convention,  and  his  address  on  that  occa- 
sion demonstrated  his  power  as  a  speaker  and  paved  the 
way  for  his  future  political  success. 

[98] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  KENNEDY,  OF  IOWA 


Senator  DOLLIVER'S  services  in  Congress  covered  a  period 
of  some  20  years,  10  of  which  were  as  a  Member  of  this 
body,  where  he  was  loved  and  esteemed  for  his  genial, 
companionable  disposition  and  admired  for  his  skill  and 
ability  as  a  debater.  On  the  death  of  Senator  Gear  he 
was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy,  where  he  served  with  dis- 
tinction until  the  time  of  his  death. 

He  first  attracted  national  attention  when  he  toured  the 
country  in  the  campaign  of  1884,  speaking  from  the  same 
platform  with  Gen.  Logan,  who  was  in  that  campaign  a 
candidate  for  Vice  President.  Since  that  time  he  partici- 
pated in  every  campaign  and  spoke  in  all  parts  of  the 
country.  He  was  known  to  the  people  of  the  country  at 
large  as  an  orator  of  unusual  eloquence  and  a  debater  of 
great  skill,  but  to  those  who  enjoyed  the  pleasure  of  a 
personal  acquaintance  he  disclosed  many  distinguishing 
characteristics.  He  was  an  optimist  in  its  fullest  sense 
and  always  looked  on  the  bright  side  of  things.  His 
bright  sayings  and  humor  enlivened  any  company  in 
which  he  might  be  thrown.  These  traits  made  him  most 
companionable  and  endeared  him  to  all  who  were  fortu- 
nate enough  to  enjoy  his  friendship.  He  was  proud  of 
Iowa,  and  her  people  loved  and  honored  him,  and  all  join 
in  deploring  his  untimely  death. 


[99j 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  LENROOT,  OF  WISCONSIN 

Mr.  SPEAKER  :  It  is  the  custom  of  the  House  and  Senate 
to  eulogize  their  Members  who  have  passed  away.  It  is 
the  custom  to  speak  nothing  but  good  of  the  dead,  and 
pay  tribute  to  the  qualities  which  endeared  them  to  us 
in  life.  In  speaking  of  Senator  DOLLIVER,  however,  the 
highest  tribute  that  language  can  express  is  merited  to 
the  last  degree.  Because  he  lived,  the  door  of  oppor- 
tunity is  opened  a  little  wider  for  every  American  boy. 
The  future  is  a  littl?  brighter  for  every  man  who  earns 
his  bread  by  honest  toil.  He  was  a  tower  of  strength  to 
the  cause  of  a  "  government  of  and  by  and  for  the  peo- 
ple." One  of  our  greatest  orators,  a  man  of  remarkable 
intellectual  ability,  an  indefatigable  worker,  devoting 
his  talents  to  the  service  of  his  country,  we  shall  not  soon 
see  his  like  again. 

The  last  years  of  his  life  were  his  best  years — years  full 
of  unselfish  service  for  the  public  good.  He  felt  weighing 
heavily  upon  him  the  burdens  of  90,000,000  of  people. 
With  keen  vision  he  saw  "  the  wrongs  that  round  us  lie  " 
in  our  national  and  social  life,  and  with  untiring  energy, 
with  a  zeal  like  unto  that  of  the  Apostles  of  old,  he  sought 
to  correct  them.  He  saw  that  this  Republic  could  not 
endure  unless  the  doctrine  of  equality  of  opportunity  for 
all  men  shall  again  become  one  of  its  chief  foundation 
stones.  Because  of  DOLLIVER'S  life  politics  are  to-day 
upon  a  higher  level,  and  the  coming  of  that  day  is 
hastened— 

When  each  man  seeks  his  own  in  all  men's  good, 
And  all  men  work  in  noble  brotherhood. 


[100? 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  LENROOT,  OF  WISCONSIN 

DOLLIVER  was  not  a  pessimist.  He  was  not  a  painter  of 
dark  pictures  of  our  future.  On  the  contrary,  he  saw  a 
brighter  and  better  day  coming  than  had  ever  been 
known — a  day  when  this  should  be  in  a  greater  degree 
than  ever  before  a  land  of  equal  opportunity,  where  all 
would  share  in  the  fruits  of  our  prosperity  according  to 
their  merits  and  habits  of  industry. 

In  his  last  great  speech  in  the  Senate,  last  June,  he  gave 
expression  to  this  in  these  words,  which  have  already 
been  quoted  by  Judge  Hubbard,  but  they  will  bear 
repetition : 

The  day  is  coming — it  is  a  good  deal  nearer  than  many  think — 
when  a  new  sense  of  justice,  new  inspirations,  new  volunteer 
enthusiasms  for  good  government  shall  take  possession  of  the 
hearts  of  all  our  people.  The  time  is  at  hand  when  the  laws  will 
be  respected  by  great  and  small  alike;  when  fabulous  millions 
piled  hoard  upon  hoard  by  cupidity  and  greed  and  used  to  finance 
the  ostentations  of  r/.odern  life  shall  be  no  longer  a  badge  even  of 
distinction  but  of  discredit  rather,  and  it  may  be  of  disgrace; 
a  good  time  coming,  when  this  people  shall  so  frame  their  statutes 
as  to  protect  alike  the  enterprises  of  rich  and  poor  in  the  greatest 
market  place  which  God  has  ever  given  to  His  children,  and  when 
the  rule  of  justice,  intrenched  in  the  habits  of  the  whole  com- 
munity, will  put  away  all  unseemly  fears  of  panic  and  disaster, 
when  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  is  suggested  by  the  courts.  It 
is  a  time  nearer  than  we  dare  to  think.  A  thousand  forces  are 
making  for  it.  It  is  the  fruitage  of  these  Christian  centuries,  the 
fulfillment  of  the  prayers  and  dreams  of  the  men  and  women  who 
have  laid  the  foundations  of  this  Commonwealth  and  with  infinite 
sacrifice  maintained  these  institutions. 

DOLLIVER  was  not  a  rich  man,  but  he  left  to  his  family 
and  his  countrymen  a  heritage  more  to  be  prized  than 
dollars  counted  in  millions — a  record  of  service  to  his 
fellow  men.  By  his  life  it  has  been  proven  again,  as  it 
has  so  many  times  in  the  past,  that — 

A  good  name  is  rather  to  be  chosen  than  great  riches, 
And  loving  favour  rather  than  silver  or  gold. 

[101] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

During  the  memorable  tariff  session  of  1909  I  had  occa- 
sion to  know  something  of  Senator  DOLLIVER'S  work.  I 
had  occasion  to  know  that  he  and  that  little  group  of 
Senators  associated  with  him  were  giving  their  very  lives 
to  the  public  service.  During  those  sultry  summer  days 
they  fought  the  people's  battles  during  the  day  in  the 
Senate,  and  after  adjournment  worked  far  into  the  night 
and  even  until  morning  preparing  for  the  next  day's 
struggle.  They  gave  no  thought  to  personal  health  or 
convenience.  They  were  '*  soldiers  of  the  common  good," 
fighting  for  the  public  welfare  with  as  much  courage, 
with  as  much  self-sacrifice,  aye,  with  as  much  danger  as 
the  warrior  patriot  who  faces  the  cannon's  mouth  upon 
the  field  of  battle. 

The  struggle  of  that  session  and  the  succeeding  one 
undermined  DOLLIVER'S  health  and  he  is  dead,  sacrificing 
his  life  for  his  country  as  truly  as  any  who  died  upon 
Bunker  Hill  or  the  field  of  Gettysburg. 

In  Senator  DOLLIVER  the  country  has  lost  a  great  states- 
man, a  valiant  soldier  for  the  common  welfare,  and  those 
of  us  who  were  privileged  to  know  him  have  lost  a  per- 
sonal friend. 

It  is  not  gold,  but  only  man 

Can  make  a  people  great  and  strong, 
Men  who  for  truth  and  honor's  sake 

Stand  fast  and  suffer  long. 
Brave  men  who  work  while  others  sleep, 

Who  dare  while  others  fly, 
These  build  a  nation's  pillars  deep 

And  lift  them  to  the  sky. 

Such  a  man  was  DOLLIVER,  and  of  such  is  the  Kingdom 
of  Heaven. 


[102] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  KENDALL,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  There  are  occasions  in  human  experience 
when  the  heart  so  Overflows  with  sadness  that  it  is  diffi- 
cult for  the  lips  to  perform  their  ordinary  office.  I  ain 
oppressed  by  such  embarrassment  at  this  hour  when  I 
undertake  to  render  appropriate  eulogium  upon  the  life 
and  character  of  the  departed  friend  to  whom  I  was  so 
devotedly  attached. 

DOLLIVER  is  dead.  His  removal,  just  when  opportunity 
for  a  larger  and  a  nobler  usefulness  than  any  he  had  pre- 
viously enjoyed  opened  with  such  assured  promise  before 
him,  was  a  tragedy  inconceivably  sorrowful.  The  cruel 
billows  roared  his  sunken  ship  as  he  entered  mid-ocean, 
in  the  happiest,  sunniest  hour  of  all  his  voyage,  and  the 
imperial  Commonwealth  which  delighted  to  decorate  him 
with  the  rarest  distinctions  it  had  to  confer  is  involved  in 
inconsolable  bereavement.  For  Iowa  loved  the  man. 
He  was  her  favorite  son.  Others  are  secure  in  her 
affectionate  regard,  but  only  DOLLIVER,  the  foremost  ora- 
tor in  the  world,  was  enshrined  in  the  innermost  recesses 
of  her  loyal  heart. 

He  came  to  her  in  his  early  youth,  an  obscure  stranger, 
uncouth  and  unsophisticated,  from  the  mountain  coun- 
try of  the  Old  Dominion.  But  he  was  not  long  destined 
to  remain  unknown.  The  State  first  became  acquainted 
with  him  in  1884,  when,  at  the  annual  convention  of  our 
party,  he  introduced  himself  to  the  consideration  of  the 
people  in  a  philippic  of  such  marvelous  effectiveness  that 
it  is  cherished  yet  as  a  masterpiece  of  controversial  litera- 


[103] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

ture.  A  mere  boy,  I  listened  entranced  by  his  fascinating 
eloquence,  and  cheered  myself  hoarse  in  the  tremendous 
applause  which  approved  his  transcendent  periods.  It 
was  a  day  of  political  delirium.  Elaine  was  a  candidate 
for  the  Presidency,  and  his  adherents,  overwhelmingly  in 
the  majority  in  Iowa,  were  inspired  with  a  passionate 
abandon  which  has  never  since  been  equaled  in  our  party 
contests.  It  was  an  epoch  when  extreme  partisan  convic- 
tion announced  itself  in  extravagant  public  expression. 
One  of  the  picturesque  phrases  in  that  wonderful  address 
is  in  my  memory  at  this  moment :  "  When  slavery  died, 
the  Democratic  Party  was  too  old  to  marry  again."  The 
dramatic  scene  which  ensued  is  as  vividly  before  me  as 
though  it  had  been  enacted  yesterday.  The  brilliant 
epigram  appealing  to  emotions  already  aroused  to  inten- 
sity, the  assembled  thousands  hysterical  with  rapturous 
excitement,  and  DOLLIVER,  the  impersonation  of  immeas- 
urable energy,  the  apotheosis  of  infinite  power! 

From  that  moment  to  his  death  his  career  was  a 
matter  of  common  concern,  and  it  was  a  series  of  unin- 
terrupted triumphs.  In  each  recurring  campaign  he 
traversed  the  Republic  from  boundary  to  boundary,  sum- 
moning the  hosts  of  patriotism  to  renew  their  allegiance 
at  the  fountains  of  enthusiasm.  He  became  at  once  the 
most  conspicuous  and  interesting  figure  in  the  national 
arena.  He  was  welcomed  everywhere — from  Maine  to 
California — and  everywhere  the  multitudes  responded 
captive  to  his  persuasive  speech.  In  1888  he  was  elected 
to  this  House,  and  after  13  years  of  distinguished  service 
here  he  was  transferred  to  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  where  he  continued  with  increasing  influence 
until  the  pallid  messenger  beckoned  him  to  depart. 

His  eminent  record  in  official  station  is  familiar  to  his 
countrymen,  and  to  them  it  is  bequeathed  as  an  ines- 
timable heritage.  I  can  not  embark  upon  its  detailed 

[104] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  KENDALL,  OF  IOWA 


analysis  now.  We  do  not  forget  the  qualities  in  which 
he  was  so  unapproached,  his  learning  so  unusual  in  its 
variety,  his  intellect  so  unexcelled  in  its  resources,  his 
statesmanship  so  exceptional  in  its  fruitfulness,  his  ora- 
tory so  incomparable  in  its  invective,  his  humor  so  irre- 
sistible in  its  satire;  but  now  that  he  is  finally  and  irrev- 
ocably gone,  what  we  most  remember  was  his  integrity 
of  heart  under  the  temptations  of  preferment,  his  sim- 
plicity of  soul  under  the  blandishments  of  ambition,  his 
serenity  of  spirit  under  the  aspersions  of  criticism,  his 
unselfish  consecration  to  the  service  of  his  fellow  men. 
From  a  private  soldier  in  the  ranks  of  conservatism  he 
was  evolved  by  the  shock  of  battle  into  a  principal 
trumpeter  in  the  army  of  righteousness.  His  endowment 
was  unprecedented,  and  he  dedicated  it  all  without  reser- 
vation to  the  welfare  of  his  people.  He  despised  the  wrong, 
no  matter  how  formidably  intrenched,  and  he  exalted 
the  right,  no  matter  how  seriously  beleaguered.  He  loved 
his  country,  her  history,  her  institutions,  her  citizenship; 
and  he  sacrificed  himself  to  the  uttermost  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  her  prosperity  and  honor.  And  just  when 
wider  avenues  of  enduring  achievement  invited  him,  the 
Divine  Omnipotence  called  him  home.  He  believed  im- 
plicitly in  the  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,  in  the  atone- 
ment through  faith,  and  in  the  life  everlasting.  In  the 
chastened  sweetness  of  this  memorial  hour  we  can  not 
doubt  that  as  the  dutiful  son,  the  devoted  husband,  the 
indulgent  father  crossed  to  the  bourn  from  which  no 
traveler  returns,  his  weary  ears  were  gladdened  by  the 
triumphant  benediction  of  the  great  Master,  "  Well  done, 
thou  good  and  faithful  servant,  enter  into  the  joy  of  thy 
Lord." 


[105] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  HULL,  OF  IOWA 

» 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  I  desire  to  add  a  word  to  the  memory  of 
the  man  I  knew  so  well,  and  one  for  whom  I  have  so  pro- 
found an  admiration.  I  knew  Senator  DOLLIVER  before 
the  great  speech  at  the  State  convention  that  made  him 
famous  throughout  the  Nation.  As  a  young  man,  after 
his  first  start  in  the  local  politics  at  Fort  Dodge,  his  fame 
widened  more  rapidly  than  that  of  any  man  I  have  ever 
known  in  public  life.  To  my  mind  his  life  furnishes 
another  of  the  splendid  examples  of  what  can  be  accom- 
plished in  this  country  by  the  young  man  who  is  true  to 
his  own  interests  and  labors  for  the  advancement  and 
upbuilding  of  what  he  believes  to  be  for  the  good  of  the 
people.  He  had  absolutely  none  of  the  powerful  aids 
which  sometimes  push  a  young  man  forward.  As  has 
been  said,  his  father  was  a  Methodist  circuit  rider  in  the 
mountains  of  West  Virginia.  He  worked  his  own  way 
through  college,  he  worked  his  own  way  through  the  study 
of  law,  taught  school,  or  accepted  any  humble  employ- 
ment that  came  to  his  hand  by  which  he  maintained  his 
own  independence  and  his  own  self-respect.  From  these 
humble  beginnings  he  came  to  be,  at  the  early  age  of  52, 
a  commanding  figure  in  the  national  life  of  this  great 
Republic. 

But,  Mr.  Speaker,  I  want  to  speak  of  him  more  as  a 
young  man.  When  I  first  knew  him  it  looked  as  if  he 
had  before  him  a  long  life,  with  his  splendid  physique 
and  excellent  habits.  As  a  young  man  he  had  the  power 
of  winning  men,  of  winning  to  himself  the  confidence 


[106] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  HULL,  OF  IOWA 


and  affection  of  the  older  public  men  of  Iowa  of  that  day. 
His  relationship  to  Gov.  Carpenter  was  referred  to  by 
the  gentleman  from  Missouri  [Mr.  Clark],  Gov.  Car- 
penter was  one  of  the  men  Iowa  delighted  to  honor.  Mr. 
DOLLIVER  was  a  citizen  of  Fort  Dodge,  and  when  Gov. 
Carpenter  was  occupying  the  executive  chair  he  was  all 
the  time  looking  to  the  upbuilding  of  the  younger  men  of 
the  State,  and  he  was  the  friend  that  did  more  to  pro- 
mote the  early  interests  of  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER  than 
any  other  man  in  Iowa.  And  DOLLIVER  won  to  himself 
the  affectionate  regard  of  all  the  older  men  and  never 
aroused  the  jealousy  of  the  younger.  He  won  friends 
and  kept  them,  and  to  me,  as  he  passed  from  one  ad- 
vancement to  another,  and  to  his  other  friends  in  Iowa 
older  than  he,  there  was  a  cause  of  congratulation  and 
rejoicing  that  honors  came  to  him. 

There  was  a  time  in  his  life,  in  1900,  when  the  Presi- 
dency was  in  his  reach;  and  if  he  had  been  a  self-seeking 
man,  if  he  had  pushed  his  own  fortunes,  if  he  had  backed 
up  the  President  of  the  United  States,  William  McKinley, 
and  his  great  political  manager,  Mark  Hanna,  in  their 
desire  to  have  him  for  the  Vice  Presidency,  I  do  not  be- 
lieve that  any  power  could  have  prevented  his  being  Vice 
President,  and  stepping  up  from  that  place,  when  the  great 
President  passed  beyond,  into  the  highest  office  of  the 
Republic.  Those  of  us  who  knew  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER 
have  the  firm  belief  that  he  would  have  discharged  the 
duties  of  that  high  office  so  as  to  merit  the  plaudils  of  the 
entire  American  people.  He  was  a  Republican.  He  was 
on  purely  party  questions  a  partisan,  but  he  was  beyond 
that  a  man  that  loved  his  fellow  man.  There  is  no  man 
of  the  opposite  party  who  ever  charged  JONATHAN  P. 
DOLLIVER  with  doing  him  or  his  party  any  wrong.  He 
met  in  fair  debate  all  comers  and,  as  has  been  said  by  the 
gentleman  from  Missouri  [Mr.  Clark],  the  last  years  of 


[107] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

his  life  disclosed  the  fact  that  as  a  debater  he  ranked 
among  the  very  best  this  country  has  ever  produced. 

I  want  to  say  further,  Mr.  Speaker,  that  JONATHAN  P. 
DOLLIVER'S  success  was  not  an  accident.  He  was  a  close 
student  all  his  life.  In  his  younger  days  he  laid  the 
foundation  of  a  broad  culture  so  deep  and  well  that  when 
he  builded  the  superstructure  he  had  a  fund  to  draw  upon 
that  was  practically  inexhaustible.  No  speech  of  his,  no 
great  effort  of  his  was  ever  given  to  the  public  until  it 
had  passed  through  his  great  mind  and  had  been  revised 
and  corrected  and  improved  until  it  met  the  high  criti- 
cism of  his  own  judgment  as  something  ready  to  give  to 
the  public.  I  know  that  in  many  cases  men  are  misled 
with  the  belief  that  great  men  make  but  little  preparation 
and  speak  out  of  the  abundance  of  their  great  ability. 
No  greater  wrong  can  come  to  the  young  than  to  have  that 
idea.  There  is  no  excellence  without  labor.  JONATHAN 
P.  DOLLIVER  reached  the  highest  excellence  in  his  chosen 
walk  of  life  because  he  shrank  from  no  labor. 

Mr.  Speaker,  it  is  a  matter  of  great  regret  to  many  of 
his  lifelong  friends  that  the  closing  days  of  his  life  were 
somewhat  embittered  by  the  factional  fights  engendered 
in  this  country,  but  as  the  story  of  the  past  shall  grow 
more  dim,  as  the  passions  shall  pass  away,  and  the  his- 
tory of  his  time  and  life  be  written,  there  will  be  nothing 
to  mar  its  perfect  symmetry,  nothing  to  cast  the  shadow 
upon  his  memory  or  his  name.  He  was  beloved  in  life 
and  his  memory  will  be  cherished  by  those  that  live  now 
and  knew  him,  and  his  family  will  receive  from  the  good 
people  of  Iowa  and  of  the  Nation  the  sympathy  that 
should  go  to  them,  bereaved  of  this  great  husband  and 
father  and  citizen  and  patriot. 


[108] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  SULZER,  OF  NEW  YORK 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  It  was  my  good  fortune  to  know  Senator 
DOLLIVER  long  and  intimately.  He  and  I  were  friends 
for  many  years,  and  his  unexpected  death  was  a  great 
shock  to  me  personally  as  well  as  a  national  loss  to  all 
the  people  of  our  country.  Hence,  on  this  memorable 
occasion  I  desire  to  place  on  record  my  sincere  tribute 
to  the  memory  of  my  friend  and  to  say  a  few  simple 
words  regarding  his  life,  his  character,  and  his  great 
public  services  to  the  Republic. 

JONATHAN  PRENTISS  DOLLIVER  was  born  near  Kingwood, 
Preston  County,  Va.  (now  West  Virginia),  February  6, 
1858;  graduated  in  1875  from  the  West  Virginia  Uni- 
versity; was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878;  never  held  any 
political  office  until  elected  to  the  Fifty-first  Congress 
as  a  Representative  from  the  Tenth  Congressional  Dis- 
trict of  Iowa;  was  a  Member  of  the  House  also  in  the 
Fifty-second,  Fifty-third,  Fifty-fourth,  Fifty-fifth,  and 
Fifty-sixth  Congresses;  on  August  23,  1900,  was  appointed 
United  States  Senator  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  Hon.  J.  H.  Gear;  was  elected  January  21,  1902, 
to  succeed  himself;  and  reelected  in  1907.  Had  he  lived, 
his  term  of  service  would  have  expired  on  March  3,  1913. 
Such,  in  brief,  is  the  record  of  this  noble  man  and  dis- 
tinguished public  servant,  whose  untimely  death  we 
mourn  to-day. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  was  a  true  man,  a  lover  of  justice,  a 
believer  in  the  supremacy  of  law,  a  friend  of  the  cause 

[1091 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

that  lacked  assistance.  He  stood  for  the  principles  of 
right,  for  fair  play,  and  believed  in  the  equal  oppor- 
tunity vouchsafed  to  everyone  under  the  dome  of  the 
Union  sky.  He  was  an  optimist — no  skeptic,  no  scoffer, 
no  cynic.  He  was  broad  and  liberal  in  his  views,  had 
charity  for  all,  trusted  the  people,  and  never  lost  faith 
in  humanity.  He  believed  the  world  was  growing  better. 
He  knew  himself,  believed  in  the  destiny  of  the  Republic, 
and  made  the  corner  stone  of  his  convictions  that  great 
cardinal  principle — equal  rights  to  all,  special  privileges 
to  no  one. 

He  hated  cant  and  despised  hypocrisy.  He  had  no  use 
for  a  trickster,  a  trimmer,  or  a  trader.  He  had  a  sun- 
shiny, genial  disposition  and  a  forgiving  spirit  that  never 
harbored  revenge.  He  had  true  eloquence  and  was  one 
of  the  most  effective  orators  of  his  time.  He  was  a  plain, 
simple  man  who  loved  mankind.  He  was  an  indulgent 
father,  a  loving  husband,  and  a  faithful  friend.  He  will 
live  in  the  hearts  of  those  he  left  behind,  and  to  do  this  is 
not  to  die.  He  was  an  indefatigable  worker  and  suc- 
ceeded in  accomplishing  what  he  undertook  to  do.  He 
met  Napoleon's  test — he  did  things.  He  was  a  true  friend 
of  the  plain  people,  the  implacable  foe  of  private  monop- 
oly, of  discriminating  legislation  that  robs  the  many  for 
the  benefit  of  the  few,  and  he  made  the  Constitution  the 
north  star  of  his  political  life.  He  was  the  fearless  cham- 
pion of  the  oppressed  and  lived  for  the  good  that  he 
could  do.  He  tried  to  lift  his  fellow  man  up  to  a  higher 
plane  and  help  him  forward  on  the  highway  of  progress 
and  of  civilization.  He  was  a  fearless  man,  and  ever 
dared  to  do  what  he  thought  was  right  regardless  of  con- 
sequences. He  was  a  faithful  public  official  and  died  in 
the  service  of  his  country. 

Senator  DOLLIVER'S  work  is  done.     His  career  on  earth 
is  finished.     He  has  run  his  course;  he  kept  the  faith;  he 

[110] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  SULZER,  OF  NEW  YORK 

L>ught  the  good  fight;  he  has  reaped  his  everlasting  re- 
/ard  in  the  great  beyond,  and  we,  his  friends,  can  all 
ay  truthfully,  well  done  thou  good  and  faithful  servant, 
grateful  people  will  ever  keep  thy  memory  green. 

In  halls  of  state  he  stood  for  many  years 
Like  fabled  knight,  his  visage  all  aglow, 
Receiving,  giving  sternly,  blow  for  blow, 
Champion  of  right!     But  from  eternity's  far  shore 
Thy  spirit  will  return  to  join  the  strife  no  more. 
Rest,  citizen,  statesman,  rest;  thy  troubled  life  is  o'er. 


[Ill] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  DAWSON,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  In  the  untimely  death  of  Senator  J.  P. 
DOLLIVER  Iowa  loses  one  of  her  most  faithful  and  devoted 
public  servants,  the  Senate  its  most  powerful  debater,  the 
Nation  a  patriotic  and  fearless  leader,  and  humanity  an 
advocate  who  was  untiring  in  his  zeal  for  its  welfare  and 
betterment.  Stricken  at  the  zenith  of  his  power  as  an 
orator  and  statesman,  his  death  at  the  early  age  of  52 
years  is  greatly  to  be  lamented,  and  his  memory  will  long 
be  revered  not  only  by  the  people  of  Iowa,  but  of  the 
Nation  generally. 

The  life  story  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  is  an  inspiration  to 
the  youth  of  the  land,  who  will  gain  strength  and  courage 
from  a  knowledge  of  the  struggles  and  the  triumphs  of 
this  young  man,  who  rose  from  the  obscurity  of  poverty 
and  by  the  force  of  character  and  intellect  and  industry 
won  his  way  to  a  commanding  position  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States  and  to  an  eminence  that  exerted  a 
powerful  influence  on  the  public  thought  of  the  age. 

His  early  life  was  a  struggle  against  adversity.  After 
his  graduation  from  the  University  of  West  Virginia,  at 
the  age  of  17,  he  came  west  and  applied  for  one  of  the 
rural  schools  in  Dekalb  County,  111.  While  waiting  the 
decision  of  the  school  board  he  occupied  his  time  work- 
ing on  a  farm,  and  it  is  related  that  when  the  board 
sought  him  to  discuss  his  employment  as  teacher  they 
found  him  at  work  digging  potatoes,  barefooted  and  clad 
in  a  pair  of  overalls.  During  the  two  years  of  his  career 


[112] 


ADDRESS  OF.  MR.  DAWSON,  OF  IOWA 


as  a  teacher  his  spare  moments  were  employed  in  read- 
ing law,  and  in  1878  the  future  Senator  and  his  older 
brother  decided  tc  locate  at  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa,  and  open 
a  law  office. 

Clients  were  few  and  far  between,  and  the  law  firm 
led  a  precarious  existence.  I  recall  a  vivid  description 
of  their  early  struggles  by  the  Senator  himself.  "After 
we  had  given  the  landlady  our  last  cent,"  he  said,  "we 
removed  our  personal  belongings  to  the  law  office,  where 
we  slept  on  the  floor  and  did  our  own  cooking."  By  and 
by  his  brother  gave  up  the  fight  and  returned  to  the  old 
home  in  West  Virginia  to  enter  the  ministry.  Then,  to 
quote  the  Senator's  own  words: 

I  was  left  alone.  I  had  no  money.  Once  I  worked  on  the 
public  road  for  $1.50  a  day.  But  I  kept  cheerful,  and  in  the 
evenings  I  would  go  down  to  the  drug  store  and  talk  politics. 
Unexpectedly  1  was  nominated  and  elected  corporation  counsel  at 
a  salary  of  $200  a  year.  Right  there  I  ceased  to  be  an  inter- 
mittent day  laborer  on  the  streets,  and  thereafter  Fort  Dodge 
knew  me  only  as  a  lawyer. 

At  the  age  of  26  he  leaped  into  political  prominence  by 
a  speech  as  temporary  chairman  of  the  Republican  State 
convention  of  Iowa,  held  in  the  spring  of  1884.  That 
speech  attracted  national  attention,  and  as  a  result  of  it 
he  bore  a  conspicuous'  part  in  the  memorable  presidential 
campaign  of  that  year,  traveling  for  a  time  and  speaking 
with  James  G.  Elaine.  Four  years  later,  in  1888,  he  was 
chosen  to  represent  the  tenth  congressional  district  of 
Iowa  in  this  House,  and  for  more  than  10  years  he  was  a 
Member  of  this  body.  When  the  Dingley  tariff  was  en- 
acted Mr.  DOLLIVER  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Ways  and  Means  and  distinguished  himself  in  the  work 
of  framing  and  passing  that  law. 

On  the  death  of  Senator  John  H.  Gear,  Mr.  DOLLIVER 
was  promoted  from  the  House  to  the  Senate.  He  filled  a 

93227°— 11 8  [H3] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

conspicuous  role  in  the  railroad-rate  legislation  of  the 
last  administration,  the  Hepburn-Dolliver  law  being  to  a 
large  extent  the  product  of  his  labors.  But  it  was  during 
the  tariff  debate  in  the  present  Congress  that  he  achieved 
his  greatest  fame.  In  that  memorable  debate  he  showed 
a  mastery  of  his  subject,  a  skill  in  its  presentation,  and  a 
command  of  logic  and  argument  which  stamped  his 
speeches  as  the  most  powerful  that  were  made  during 
that  memorable  contest. 

Few  men  in  all  the  history  of  the  United  States  Senate 
have  equaled  Senator  DOLLIVER  for  eloquence  and  force 
of  speech.  He  possessed  the  gift  of  eloquence  to  an  ex- 
ceptional degree,  and  was  equally  effective  on  the  popu- 
lar platform  and  in  the  more  exacting  requirements  of 
senatorial  debate.  His  oratory  was  scholarly  and  philo- 
sophic, and  with  an  imposing  presence,  a  full,  deep  voice, 
a  profuse  and  scintillating  vocabulary,  and  a  never-fail- 
ing supply  of  wit  and  humor,  he  had  the  happy  faculty 
of  winning  the  rapt  attention  of  every  person  within  the 
sound  of  his  voice. 

I  desire,  Mr.  Speaker,  to  add  an  analytical  appreciation 
of  his  oratorical  power  from  the  pen  of  his  life-long 
friend  and  neighbor,  Hon.  George  E.  Roberts: 

In  him  were  combined  in  rare  degree  all  the  qualifications  of  a 
political  orator.  There  have  been  other  popular  campaigners  in 
Iowa  during  his  time,  each  with  his  own  effective  characteristics, 
but  J.  P.  DOLLIVER  was  in  a  class  by  himself.  Neither  on  the 
stump  nor  in  Congress  was  there  anyone  who  combined  the 
scholar,  the  statesman,  and  the  orator  as  they  were  combined 
in  him. 

In  the  first  place,  he  had  the  philosophic,  reflective  mind  that 
views  every  subject  in  the  large  way  and  seizes  intuitively  upon 
fundamentals.  His  grasp  of  principles  was  sure.  He  was  thor- 
oughly educated  and  informed,  his  reading  and  culture  were  so 
broad  that  he  was  always  abreast  of  the  best  thought  of  the  time. 
His  campaigns  over  the  tenth  district  were  an  educational  influ- 

[114] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  DAWSON,  OF  IOWA 


ence  upon  this  people.  He  pitched  every  discussion  upon  a  high 
plane.  His  style  was  distinctly  his  own,  simple  and  homely  in  a 
way,  but  wonderfully  effective  in  statement,  and  combining  with 
this  the  grace  and  finish  and  pathos  of  the  accomplished  orator. 
His  literary  sense  was  true  and  his  judgment  of  material  unerring. 
There  was  no  straining  for  effect.  He  had  the  imagination  that 
is  the  soul  of  great  oratory — the  imagination  of  the  seer,  the  poet, 
and  the  statesman.  He  was  logical,  but  much  more  than  logical; 
his  mental  processes  outran  the  methods  of  logic  and  summed  up 
the  argument  in  a  sentence.  He  thought  in  pictures  and  epigrams. 
His  wit  was  illuminating,  but  humorous  rather  than  biting.  He 
could  use  sarcasm  with  terrible  effect,  but  was  not  malicious 
enough  to  delight  in  it.  In  his  earlier  years  he  used  it  freely  in 
a  good-humored  way  at  the  expense  of  his  political  adversaries, 
but  outgrew  that  in  his  maturity  and  treated  everybody  with  the 
respect  that  he  really  felt  for  sincere  opinions.  He  seldom  told 
a  story  or  read  an  extract,  preferring,  as  well  he  might,  to  make 
his  points  in  his  own  language.  There  was  nothing  approaching 
coarseness  or  vulgarity  in  his  speeches,  but  always  the  charm  of 
clear,  apt,  and  vigorous  statement  couched  in  the  most  felicitous 
phrase.  He  could  take  a  commonplace  or  abstruse  subject,  and 
before  either  the  academy  of  political  science  or  a  country  school- 
house  audience  invest  it  with  vital  interest.  He  knew  the  people 
of  this  country  with  sympathetic  familiarity  from  the  highest  to 
the  lowliest,  was  in  touch  with  every  class,  at  home  with  all, 
understood  them  all,  and  knew  the  way  to  their  hearts. 

His  mind  was  fertile,  active,  imaginative,  and  his  gift  of  lan- 
guage was  extraordinary;  but  after  all  is  said,  the  capacity  for 
hard  work  had  more  to  do  with  his  success  than  is  commonly 
understood.  His  broad  culture  was  not  obtained  without  effort. 
He  was  an  omnivorous  reader;  he  was  a  most  industrious  stu- 
dent of  every  subject  which  he  undertook  to  discuss.  He  came  to 
Iowa  when  the  greenback  issue  was  uppermost,  and  he  read  the 
literature  of  the  question  completely,  including  the  congressional 
debates  when  the  greenbacks  were  issued.  He  had  the  same 
knowledge  of  the  silver  question,  and  his  masterly  treatment  of 
that  subject  in  the  tenth  district  showed  the  same  capacity  for 
thorough  analysis  and  convincing  argument  that  was  revealed  to 
the  Senate  in  the  tariff  debate. 


[115] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLFVER 

In  striking  contrast  to  most  men  possessed  of  his  extraordinary 
qualifications,  Senator  DOLLIVER  did  not  naturally  crave  the  dis- 
tinction and  honors  of  leadership.  He  lacked  the  egotism  of  most 
political  leaders.  He  was  singularly  free  from  any  trace  of  con- 
ceit. None  of  his  intimate  friends  ever  saw  an  expression  of  it. 
He  never  lost  his  modest  poise  or  was  without  his  sense  of  humor 
for  a  moment.  He  was  therefore  nothing  of  the  political  boss. 
He  was  supreme  in  the  tenth  district  by  his  own  preeminence, 
not  by  the  power  of  a  machine.  He  had  no  taste  for  machine 
politics,  no  disposition  to  call  upon  his  friends  to  do  political 
service.  Among  politicians  this  was  counted  a  weakness,  as  he 
was  said  to  lack  trading  strength.  It  is  true  that  he  was  never 
strong  in  the  arts  of  manipulation.  His  strength  was  in  his 
superb  powers  as  an  advocate  upon  the  issues,  and  there  he  was 
almost  without  an  equal  in  any  forum. 

But,  with  all  the  admiration  which  his  talents  and 
ability  commanded,  DOLLIVER  the  man  was  even  greater 
than  DOLLIVER  the  orator  and  statesman.  He  had  a 
charming  personality,  and  to  know  him  was  to  be  his 
friend.  He  had  a  heart  as  big  as  his  great  body  and  an 
unfailing  geniality  which  made  friends  rapidly  and  re- 
tained them  easily. 

His  life  was  the  exemplification  of  the  words  of  George 
Linnaeus  Banks: 

I  live  for  those  who  love  me, 
For  those  who  know  me  true, 
For  the  heaven  that  smiles  above  me 

And  awaits  my  spirit,  too; 
For  the  wrongs  that  need  resistance, 
For  the  cause  that  needs  assistance, 
For  the  future  in  the  distance, 
And  the  good  that  I  can  do. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  was  an  optimist,  full  of  kindliness 
and  rare  good  humor.  He  was  generous  by  nature, 
obliging  in  disposition,  and  possessed  a  heart  filled  with 
human  sympathy. 

[116] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  DAWSON,  OF  IOWA 


He  had  a  warm  spot  in  his  heart  for  the  rising  genera- 
tion, and  among  his  greatest  delights  was  to  be  helpful 
to  the  youth  of  the  land.  In  the  impressive  funeral  serv- 
ices at  Fort  Dodge  last  October  there  was  no  sentiment 
uttered  that  rang  truer  than  the  one  offered  by  Mr.  Harvey 
Ingham  when  he  said  thai— - 

M$' 

Senator  DOLLIVER  left  the  door  a  little  wider  open  for  the 
common  boy  and  girl. 

It  can  be  truthfully  said  that  Senator  DOLLIVER  gave 
his  life  to  the  service  of  his  country  as  truly  as  ever  did 
any  soldier  on  the  field  of  battle.  The  days  and  nights 
of  toil  which  he  put  in  during  the  special  and  regular 
sessions  of  the  present  Congress  overtaxed  his  strength, 
and  when  he  left  Washington  last  summer  he  was  broken 
in  health.  During  the  special  session  it  was  not  unusual 
for  him  to  be  found  zealously  studying  the  intricacies  of 
tariff  schedules  far  into  the  night,  in  preparation  for  his 
great  fight  on  certain  rates  in  the  Payne  bill. 

He  had  forged  to  the  front  with  a  display  of  unusual 
powers,  which  not  only  established  him  in  a  position  of 
great  power  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  but  had 
lifted  him  to  that  more  select  class  who  actually  leave 
a  lasting  impress  upon  the  life  and  thought  of  their  day 
and  generation.  That  tariff  debate  in  the  summer  of 
1909  revealed  Senator  DOLLIVER  as  the  most  powerful  de- 
bater in  that  body,  and  as  a  man  who  possessed  the  moral 
courage  to  break  with  his  party  before  he  would  with 
his  conscience. 

Under  these  most  extraordinary  circumstances  the  sor- 
row of  the  people  is  intensified  by  the  thought  that  he 
laid  down  his  life  in  a  zealous  effort  to  protect  their 
rights,  and  just  at  the  time  when  he  was  entering  that 
period  of  his  life  which  promised  the  greatest  usefulness 
and  power. 

[117] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

Mr.  Speaker,  I  desire  to  add  a  few  brief  tributes  from 
some  of  the  leading  public  men  of  our  State  and  country 
to  the  memory  of  our  departed  friend,  whose  memory 
we  honor  this  day  by  these  services : 

Gov.  B.  F.  Carroll : 

Of  all  the  able  men  that  our  State  has  given  to  public  service 
few  have  arisen  to  that  mark  of  distinction  attained  by  Senator 
DOLLIVER,  especially  as  an  exponent  of  public  questions.  His 
friends  extend  beyond  the  limits  of  our  Nation,  and  his  splendid 
ability  and  patriotic  devotion  to  public  duty  are  recognized  by  all 
who  knew  him.  Our  State  will  deeply  mourn  the  loss  of  this 
brilliant  and  able  statesman  and  public  servant.  His  career  as  a 
public  official,  covering  near  a  quarter  of  a  century,  was  full  of 
events,  and  his  promise  of  useful  service  to  his  State  and  the 
Nation  was  full  of  hopeful  fruition.  In  his  death  both  the  State 
and  the  Nation  sustain  a  great  loss,  and  his  memory  will  long  be 
cherished  by  a  loyal  and  patriotic  people. 

Hon.  S.  F.  Prouty: 

I  had  learned  to  regard  Senator  DOLLIVER  as  one  of  the  greatest 
benefactors  of  the  masses  of  the  people,  and  as  one  of  the  great- 
est men  of  the  West,  if  not  of  the  entire  country.  He  had  a 
peculiar  power  of  expression  that  was  particularly  effective,  and 
he  used  this  power  in  the  cause  of  the  masses  of  the  people. 
• 

Hon.  H.  M.  Towner: 

Regardless  of  factional  or,  indeed,  of  party  alignment,  Iowa 
will  mourn  the  loss  of  her  brilliant  and  distinguished  Senator. 
He  was  so  distinctly  an  lowan  that  his  loss  is  personal  and  inti- 
mate to  our  people,  but  the  Nation  has  lost  from  its  great  forum 
its  greatest  orator  and  most  able  debater.  There  will  be  universal 
sorrow  at  his  death. 

Hon.  W.  W.  Morrow: 

When  the  political  history  of  this  country  is  written,  the  name 
of  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER  will  be  inscribed  in  glowing  phrases  as 
one  of  the  greatest  orators  and  ablest  leaders  of  the  age.  He  was 
a  great  man,  a  grand  man,  and  one  we  all  respected. 

[118] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  DAWSON,  OF  IOWA 


Hon.  J.  L,  Bleakley: 

His  long  and  faithful  service  for  the  State,  his  untiring  energy, 
and  his  patriotic  zeal  in  behalf  of  his  country  will  be  written  on 
the  undying  pages  of  history. 

Hon.  George  D.  Perkins: 

Senator  DOLLIVER  was  of  buoyant  disposition.  He  had  experi- 
ence with  the  shadows,  but  it  was  his  delight  to  be  in  the  play  of 
gentle  atmosphere,  warmed  by  the  sun.  He  was  a  noble  son, 
husband,  father,  brother.  He  counted  not  as  sacrifice  whatever 
measure  of  service  he  could  render  for  those  he  loved.  In  all  his 
relations  he  was  a  genial,  likable  man.  Bitterness  was  not  born 
with  him,  nor  could  it  find  root  in  the  generosity  of  his  disposi- 
tion. He  had  the  strength  for  heavy  blows,  but  the  tenderness  of 
his  heart  made  quick  burial  of  enmities. 

Col.  Theodore  Roosevelt: 

Senator  DOLLIVER'S  death  is  a  great  misfortune  to  the  country, 
especially  at  this  time.  He  was  a  public  man  whose  character, 
ability,  and  loyalty  to  the  interests  of  the  people  I  especially 
admired. 

Hon.  G.  W.  Fairbanks : 

Senator  DOLLIVER  was  one  of  the  best  men  the  country  has  ever 
produced,  a  friend  whom  we  all  admired  and  loved. 

Col.  Henry  Watterson : 

Whom  the  gods  love  die  young.  Senator  DOLLIVER  had  at  least 
the  good  fortune  that  comes  to  those  whose  ship  goes  down 
"  when  eager  winds  are  kissing  every  sail."  He  was  spared  the 
shipwreck  of  hope  that  is  suffered  by  hard-working  public  serv- 
ants who  realize  in  their  old  age  that  improving  human  institu- 
tions is  a  form  of  activity  that  promises  greater  labor  than  reward. 


[119] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  MARTIN,  OF  SOUTH  DAKOTA 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  A  great  man  has  fallen  at  the  meridian 
of  his  greatness,  and  the  Nation  mourns  his  loss  with  a 
universal  sorrow.  DOLLIVER  was  a  young  man  when 
death  came,  and  there  seemed  to  have  been  every  promise 
that  his  greatest  achievements  were  still  before  him. 
And  yet  22  years  of  his  life  was  spent  in  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States,  a  much  longer  period  than  the  average 
service  of  statesmen  and  other  men  of  public  affairs.  Be- 
sides, life  is  not  measured  by  length  of  days,  but  by 
human  heart  throbs,  transcendent  purposes,  and  noble 
deeds.  Measured  by  these  standards,  his  was  a  long  life 
and  his  career  was  well  rounded  and  mature. 

JONATHAN  DOLLIVER  was  a  child  of  genius.  His  ora- 
torical powers  were  as  truly  a  gift  of  Nature  as  the  genius 
of  the  sculptor,  the  painter,  or  the  poet.  Rhetoric  is  an 
accomplishment  of  the  schools.  Oratory  may  be  en- 
riched and  embellished  by  cultivation  and  by  the  deep 
experiences  of  human  life;  but  the  orator  is  born,  not 
made.  The  ability  to  hold  and  sway  audiences  as  under 
a  spell  of  magnetism,  the  ability  to  blunt  a  logical  deduc- 
tion by  a  word  or  the  wave  of  a  hand,  or  to  destroy  a 
sophistry  with  a  single  epigram — these  are  rare  powers, 
possessed  by  but  few  men,  who  bear  the  unmistakable 
stamp  of  genius.  DOLLIVER  sprang  into  national  promi- 
nence in  a  single  great  speech  in  the  Republican  State 
convention  of  Iowa  in  1884.  He  became  at  once  a  na- 
tional character.  He  was  in  great  demand  on  political 


[120] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  MARTIN,  OF  SOUTH  DAKOTA 

and  popular  platforms  everywhere.  His  name  would  in- 
sure a  crowd  in  any  part  of  the  country.  He  never  lost 
the  ability  to  maintain  the  reputation  that  his  first  great 
speech  had  given  him.  The  most  masterful  utterances  of 
his  whole  career  were  his  last  two  or  three  great  speeches 
in  the  Senate.  They  marshal  the  fundamental  principles 
of  popular  government  with  eloquence  seldom  equaled  in 
legislative  debate,  and  they  define  the  field  and  scope  as 
well  as  the  limitations  of  political  parties  with  such  clear- 
ness of  view  and  such  convincing  logic  as  to  make  them 
classics  in  political  literature. 

At  the  time  of  his  death  Senator  DOLLIVER  was  the 
strongest  individual  force  in  the  movement  now  shaping 
toward  the  popularization  of  the  United  States  Senate. 

He  liked  the  democratic  quality  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. He  had  just  gone  to  the  Senate  when  I  came 
to  the  House  in  1901.  He  came  back  frequently  to  watch 
debate  in  this  body.  He  missed  the  free  forum  in  which 
he  had  served  so  long,  and  had  not  yet  adapted  himself 
to  the  more  dignified  procedure  of  the  Senate.  He  liked 
legislation  by  conflict  and  had  not  acquired  the  habit  of 
legislation  by  courtesy.  He  gloried  in  the  blunt  truthful- 
ness of  a  forum  of  debate  in  which  an  uninteresting 
speech  is  made  to  empty  seats,  but  where  the  man  with  a 
message  soon  fills  the  chairs  and,  as  interest  becomes  in- 
tense, Members  gather  closely  around  the  orator  like  the 
folds  of  a  garment. 

"  Martin,"  he  said  to  me  one  day,  "  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives is  the  most  democratic  legislative  body  in  the 
world.  Here  a  man  sinks  or  swims,  according  to  his 
talents." 

Later  he  mastered  the  legislative  procedure  of  the  Sen- 
ate, and  his  great  powers  were  never  in  better  form  than 
when  balanced  by  the  limitations  of  senatorial  debate; 
and  yet  he  was  always,  in  the  broadest  sense,  a  represen- 


[121] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

tative  of  the  people.  He  viewed  all  legislation  in  its 
bearing  upon  the  general  welfare.  Instinctively  he  saw 
the  line  of  separation  between  the  encroachments  of  spe- 
cial interests  and  the  well-being  of  all  the  people.  In- 
stantly his  militant  armor  was  on,  and  he  was  in  the 
arena  in  the  midst  of  the  battle  for  popular  rights.  He 
was  never  a  demagogue,  but  always  a  knight  of  the  com- 
mon good. 

DOLLIVER  was  a  profound  student  of  the  principles  of 
our  Government.  He  was  rooted  and  grounded  in  the 
fundamental  principles  of  human  rights  and  relations. 
And  he  was  never  lost  in  the  task  which  a  statesman  al- 
ways has  before  him  of  applying  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciples to  the  varying  problems  of  the  hour.  No  man  of 
our  generation  could  set  forth  these  essential  principles 
in  more  attractive  form  or  with  more  telling  effect. 

DOLLIVER'S  humor  was  constant  and  sparkling,  like  a 
clear  stream  of  water  gurgling  from  a  spring.  His  wit 
was  a  burnished  saber  of  offense  and  defense.  His  satire 
cut  clean  as  a  lance,  but  was  never  dipped  in  poison.  His 
fun  was  never  more  appreciated  than  when  the  joke  was 
on  himself.  I  heard  him  say  that  he  was  once  forced  into 
a  candidacy  for  the  Vice  Presidency  of  the  United  States 
through  the  friendly  intentions  of  Col.  West,  then  of  the 
Washington  Post,  but  that  he  got  out  by  "unanimous 
consent."  How  delicious  was  his  remark  in  the  tariff 
debate  that  the  two  noteworthy  events  of  the  year  1909 
were  the  revision  of  the  tariff  downward  by  the  Senator 
from  Rhode  Island  and  the  discovery  of  the  North  Pole 
by  Dr.  Cook.  No  man  ever  excelled  him  in  the  use  of 
epigrammatic  speech.  More  than  once  has  he  slain  a 
humbug  with  a  humorous  epigram.  I  want  a  copy  of 
the  volumes  that  must  be  published  of  DOLLIVER'S  public 
addresses,  beginning  with  his  speech  before  the  Iowa  con- 
vention in  1884.  When  these  volumes  are  published  I 

[122] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  MARTIN,  OF  SOUTH  DAKOTA 

believe  they  will  present  the  most  readable  and  illumin- 
ating history  obtainable  of  the  political  development  of 
the  past  quarter  of  a  century. 

One  of  the  marvels  of  DOLLIVER'S  talents  was  his  mas- 
tery over  the  details  of  great  questions.  Great  orators 
are  often  generalizers  and  neglectful  of  details.  Not  so 
with  DOLLIVER.  I  have  heard  men  express  the  opinion 
that  DOLLIVER  was  not  a  close  student  of  the  intricate 
details  of  public  questions.  With  that  view  I  disagree 
absolutely.  There  is  no  single  question  more  difficult 
and  laborious  in  its  mastery  than  the  tariff  question. 
Yet  there  are  few,  if  any,  men  with  a  better  understand- 
ing of  that  problem  than  had  Senator  DOLLIVER.  He 
began  his  study  of  those  intricate  problems  with  Dingley 
and  McKinley  in  the  House,  and  his  laborious  methods 
carried  him  over  every  phase  of  every  schedule  and  into 
the  consideration  of  the  effect  of  tariff  rates  upon  all 
American  industries  and  upon  the  general  progress  of 
all  the  people. 

No  man  mastered  the  subject  with  a  more  statesman- 
like grasp,  and  no  man  was  a  safer  adviser  on  tariff 
questions.  Had  DOLLIVER  been  chairman  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Finance,  or  even  a  member  of  that  committee,  as 
by  all  the  precedents  he  ought  to  have  been,  some  recent 
tariff  history  would  have  been  differently  written,  and 
the  Republican  Party,  in  whose  policies  he  so  implicitly 
believed,  would  have  been  saved  some  of  the  embarrass- 
ments which  have  since  fallen  to  its  lot. 

Over  all  JONATHAN  DOLLIVER'S  character  as  a  man  tow- 
ers monumentlike,  the  most  striking  quality  in  his  un- 
usual career.  His  sturdy  parents  endowed  him  richly 
in  mind  and  heart  and  rugged  manhood,  but  in  no  quality 
was  he  more  generously  favored  than  in  his  deep,  abid- 
ing religious  faith.  With  unerring  certainty  he  discov- 
ered the  moral  quality  in  every  great  public  controversy. 

[123] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

He  came  to  the  defense  of  a  good  cause  with  all  the 
force  of  his  nature,  and  he  could  unmask  a  sham  or  pre- 
tense with  a  completeness  that  would  render  further 
deception  impossible. 

An  acute  moral  sense  is  the  best  political  asset  that  a 
public  man  can  possess.  It  will  help  him  to  detect  the 
right  of  a  public  dispute  when  the  processes  of  reason 
and  logic  are  slow  and  unreliable.  That  he  followed 
implicitly  his  convictions  of  the  right  in  every  situation 
must  have  been  apparent  to  every  close  observer.  Among 
the  many  evidences  of  this  is  this  passage  from  one  of  the 
latest  of  his  speeches  in  the  Senate : 

In  the  course  which  I  have  pursued  in  the  Senate  I  have  always 
endeavored  to  find  out,  if  I  could,  the  path  appearing  to  lead  in 
the  direction  of  the  common  welfare.  I  have  never  been  able  to 
know,  as  questions  arose,  whether  or  not  the  course  I  had  chosen 
led  in  the  direction  of  my  personal  political  fortune.  In  fact,  I 
have  had  absolutely  no  motive  for  caring  whether  it  did  or  not. 

Senator  DOLLIVER'S  home  relations  afford  us  a  view  of 
the  most  beautiful  picture  of  his  life.  His  wife  was  to 
him  a  most  trusted  counselor  and  companion.  His  chil- 
dren were  the  most  sacred  of  his  earthly  blessings.  From 
such  a  haven  of  inspiration  he  went  forth  daily  to  battle 
for  the  highest  ideals  and  to  bear  a  manly  part  in  the 
worthy  struggle  to  bring  the  greatest  good  to  all  men. 

In  the  closing  hours  of  a  busy  Congress  no  one  can  do 
full  justice  to  the  memory  of  this  remarkable  man.  As 
one  of  his  intimate  and  admiring  friends,  I  can  do  no 
less  than  to  offer  this  modest  tribute  of  appreciation  of 
one  of  the  kindliest  and  most  gifted  men  our  country 
has  ever  known. 


[124] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  GOOD,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  This  occasion  has  its  lesson,  this  day  its 
sadness.  The  lesson  is  found  in  the  life  of  a  great  and 
good  man;  the  sadness  in  his  untimely  death.  We  glory 
in  the  achievements  of  JONATHAN  PRENTISS  DOLLIVER;  in 
his  death  we  mourn  a  Nation's  irreparable  loss. 

It  is  not  given  to  the  mind  of  man  to  prescribe  a  for- 
mula for  greatness.  The  component  elements  of  the 
human  mind,  their  relations  to  each  other,  and  their 
harmonious  blending  in  the  human  compound  of  great- 
ness must  forever  remain  one  of  the  secrets  of  this  life. 
Dark  and  mysterious  as  are  the  questions  upon  which  the 
solution  of  this  problem  depends,  yet  we  see  in  the  life 
of  every  man  characteristics  that  make  for  him  his  place 
in  the  world,  be  that  place  great  or  small. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  inherited  the  strong  religious  ten- 
dencies of  his  father.  He  had  a  childlike  faith  in  a 
Supreme  and  Overruling  Providence.  He  loved  the 
Bible,  and  his  public  address  and  private  conversation 
reflected  a  deep  study  of  it  and  an  unwavering  belief  in 
its  precepts.  To  his  simple  faith  and  trust  in  a  God 
whose  name  is  Love  was  due  his  great  optimism,  his 
buoyancy  of  spirit,  and  his  cheerful  disposition. 

The  human  side  of  Senator  DOLLIVER  was  most  strongly 
developed,  and  to  this  fact  more  than  any  other  is  due 
his  greatness.  A  feeling  for  others  was  a  predominating 
characteristic  in  his  life.  To  help  make  his  country  a 
better  abiding  place  for  his  fellow  man  was  his  ambi- 
tion and  his  aim.  Unmindful  of  his  own  welfare,  he 
drew  all  too  freely  upon  his  great  strength  in  working 


[125] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

for  the  good  of  others.     Altruistic  himself,  he  despised 
all  forms  of  selfishness  in  others.     In  him— 

Love  took  up  the  harp  of  Life,  and  smote  on  all  the  chords  with 

might; 
Smote  the  chord  of  Self,  that,  trembling,  passed  in  music  out  of 

sight. 

As  a  legislator  he  was  alert  to  discover  the  plans  of  the 
designing  and  the  selfish.  He  frequently  expressed  his 
abhorrence  of  lobbyists  by  applying  to  them  the  term  of 
"  dirty  workers."  His  ear  was  always  open  to  the  story 
of  stunted  children,  toil-worn  shop  girls,  and  starving 
miners.  His  time  and  his  strength  were  always  at  their 
command  that  he  might  make  their  road  easier  and  their 
burden  lighter.  He  gave  all  too  freely  of  his  wonderful 
intellect,  his  almost  limitless  strength,  and  his  big  heart 
to  secure  the  enactment  of  such  laws  as  would  give  every 
man  a  more  even  chance  with  every  other  man.  If  meas- 
ured as  the  world  measures  greatness,  others  have  sur- 
passed him,  but  if  measured  by  heart  throbs  for  his  fel- 
low man,  few  have  equaled  him. 

In  the  humanity  of  DOLLIVER  was  found  his  true  great- 
ness. He  rose  rapidly  from  the  position  of  a  country 
lawyer  to  that  of  a  Senator  of  the  United  States.  Of  the 
52  years  of  his  life  21  years  were  spent  in  Congress. 
From  the  time  of  his  entrance  in  this  House  until  his 
death  he  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  greatest  political 
orators,  not  only  of  his  day,  but  of  all  time.  His  rise 
was  as  rapid  as  his  place  was  permanent. 

Twice  DOLLIVER  could  have  been  the  nominee  of  his 
party  for  the  exalted  position  of  Vice  President  of  the 
United  States.  And  twice  he  refused  to  permit  his  name 
to  go  before  the  nominating  convention.  Honors  came  to 
him  in  rapid  succession,  but  none  of  them  nor  all  of  them 
combined  were  able  to  swerve  him  from  his  devotion  to 


[126] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  GOOD,  OF  IOWA 


the  service  of  the  common  citizen.  All  the  honors  which 
he  achieved  and  the  distinctions  which  came  to  him 
only  drew  him  closer  to  those  whose  cause  he  had  long 
championed.  They  served  to  strengthen  the  bond  of 
sympathy  between  him  and  the  common  man. 

Senator  DOLLIVER'S  life  was  a  complete  answer  to  Kip- 
ling's test: 

If  you  can  talk  with  crowds  and  keep  your  virtue, 
Or  walk  with  kings — nor  lose  the  common  touch. 

He  did  more  than  this.  Neither  his  recognition  as  an 
orator  nor  his  elevation  to  high  political  positions  caused 
him  to  lose  his  sympathy  for  or  his  interest  in  the  com- 
mon people.  These  achievements  only  strengthened  the 
bond  of  brotherhood  between  himself  and  his  fellow 
man.  He  looked  out  upon  the  life  we  live  and  saw  that 
the  greater  half  of  life's  misery  came  not  from  frost  or 
drought,  fire  or  flood,  pestilence  or  famine,  disease  or 
death,  but  from  the  selfishness  of  men,  from  the  want 
of  brotherhood,  the  lack  of  fellowship.  In  the  millions 
of  loveless  homes,  in  the  bickering  of  employer  and 
employee,  in  the  flaunting  insolence  of  newly  won  riches 
and  ill-gotten  gain,  in  the  bickerings  of  trade,  and  the 
crimes  of  the  calendar,  in  laws  which  were  violated,  in 
hopes  which  were  blasted,  and  in  hearts  that  were 
broken — in  all  these  he  saw  witness  to  the  greed  and 
selfishness  of  man.  His  great  humanity  directed  the  field 
for  his  statesmanship,  the  forum  for  his  oratory  and  the 
secret  of  his  great  success. 

Gentleness  and  kindness  were  visible  expressions  of 
his  great  humanity.  He  was  as  gentle  as  a  child  and  as 
tender  as  a  woman.  The  hurt  of  a  friend  plunged  him  in 
sorrow,  the  joy  of  an  associate  bathed  him  in  sunbeams. 

This  dominant  characteristic  in  the  life  of  Senator 
DOLLIVER  also  found  expression  in  his  great  love  of 


[127] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

nature.  He  loved  the  rugged  oak  and  the  spreading  elm; 
the  squirrels  and  the  birds  were  his  companions  and 
friends  as  he  strolled  in  the  woodland.  He  loved  his 
farm,  and  on  many  occasions  expressed  the  wish  that  he 
might  retire  there  and  spend  the  rest  of  his  days  free  from 
factional  and  political  strife. 

The  quiet  and  unselfish  life  in  which  the  farm  abounds 
appealed  most  strongly  to  his  nature.  He  loved  its 
simple  life,  the  genuineness  of  its  people,  the  changes  of 
the  seasons  and  the  homely  farm  scene;  the  spring  with 
its  freshness  and  its  fragrance;  the  summer  with  its  fields 
of  growing  grain  waving  in  the  sunlight;  the  autumn  with 
the  hum  of  the  reaper  and  the  song  of  the  meadow  lark; 
the  winter  with  its  snowbound  prairies  stretching  far  in 
the  distance;  these  he  loved  and  in  his  meditation  of 
them  he  found  his  recreation. 

The  day  we  buried  DOLLIVER  was  cold  and  cloudy;  a 
drizzling  rain  had  set  in  and  gloom  had  cast  its  shadow 
over  the  inhabitants  of  the  city  of  Fort  Dodge.  I  shall 
long  remember  the  sorrow  and  tender  sympathy  ex- 
hibited on  the  streets  as  the  funeral  procession  passed 
from  the  armory  to  the  cemetery.  Thousands  of  men, 
women,  and  children  lined  the  sides  of  the  street,  unmind- 
ful of  the  cold  and  drizzling  rain.  Sorrow  was  written 
deeply  on  every  countenance.  Thousands  of  tear-stained 
faces  told  the  story  all  too  plainly  of  broken  hearts. 
Thus,  unconsciously  his  neighbors  and  friends  paid  the 
highest  tribute  to  his  memory.  The  city  of  Fort  Dodge 
is  erecting  a  bronze  statue  to  the  memory  of  Senator 
DOLLIVER,  but  in  the  minds  and  hearts  of  the  people  of 
this  generation  are  enshrined  memories  of  him  that  are 
more  enduring  than  marble,  more  lasting  than  bronze. 
He  made  for  himself  a  big  place  in  the  world  and  he 
filled  that  place  like  the  great  man  that  he  was. 


[128] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CLARK,  OF  MISSOURI 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  One  of  the  pleasant  features  of  serving 
in  this  House  is  that  a  majority  of  the  Members  do  not 
permit  the  big  aisle  which  separates  the  House  into  two 
parties  to  be  regarded  as  a  line  of  demarkation  in  mat- 
ters of  friendship.  Senator  JONATHAN  PRENTISS  DOLLIVER 
was  one  of  my  most  intimate  friends.  In  fact,  he  was 
one  of  the  three  most  intimate  of  all  the  Republicans 
with  whom  I  have  served  in  16  years.  Circumstances 
determine  very  largely  questions  of  personal  intimacy. 
The  way  that  Senator  DOLLIVER  and  I  became  so  intimate 
was  that  I  was  poor  and  he  did  not  have  very  much 
money  himself,  so  both  of  us  had  been  experimenting 
somewhat  in  the  business  of  lecturing  at  what  are  called 
lyceum  lectures,  and  also  at  the  Chautauquas,  and  were 
making  some  headway  and  some  money.  In  the  fall  of 
1899  it  occurred  to  me  one  day  that  I  had  heard  in  years 
gone  by  that  the  Brockway  Lecture  Bureau  at  Pittsburg, 
which  arranged  the  dates  for  both  Senator  DOLLIVER  and 
myself,  had  a  few  years  before  conducted  a  joint  lecture 
between  the  Hon.  Michael  Harter,  of  Ohio,  and  the  Hon. 
Roswell  G.  Horr,  of  Michigan,  on  the  tariff  question.  The 
difference  between  a  lecture  and  a  speech  is  that  you 
get  pay  for  a  lecture  and  you  do  not  get  any  pay  for  a 
speech.  I  wrote  to  them  and  asked  them  if  that  dual 
lecture  or  debating  performance  had  been  a  success,  and 

93227  "— 11 9  [129] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

they  answered  that  it  had.  Then  I  wrote  to  them  that  it 
seemed  to  me  that  the  signs  of  the  times  indicated  that 
politics  would  be  of  considerable  interest  in  the  next  12 
months,  and  why  not  arrange  a  debate  on  the  Chautau- 
qua  circuit  and  at  these  lecture  courses  for  myself  and 
some  Republican.  They  answered  by  telling  me  to  pick 
my  own  Republican.  So  I  suggested  Senator  DOLLIVER, 
and  we  went  into  it 

Our  first  debate  was  down  at  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  on 
the  14th  day  of  December,  1899,  the  one  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  the  death  of  George  Washington.  We  pro- 
ceeded in  that  business  with  a  great  deal  of  success,  if 
drawing  large  crowds  is  a  test  of  merit,  until  he  was 
appointed  to  the  Senate,  and  I  think  during  that  time 
that  he  and  I  must  have  had  somewhere  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  50  or  75  debates.  The  very  day  that  he  was 
appointed  to  the  United  States  Senate  we  had  a  debate 
down  in  southern  Iowa.  It  was  my  turn  to  open  and 
close,  but  he  asked  me  as  a  special  favor  to  let  him  open 
and  deliver  the  whole  of  his  hour  and  a  quarter  speech 
first,  so  that  he  could  catch  a  train  to  Des  Moines  to  see 
Gov.  Shaw  about  being  appointed  Senator.  I  always 
told  him  that  I  thumped  him  into  the  United  States  Sen- 
ate. His  reply  to  that  was  to  inquire  why  I  did  not  thump 
myself  into  the  United  States  Senate. 

The  other  two  men  with  whom  I  have  debated  at  these 
lecture  courses  and  Chautauquas  are  Gen.  Grosvenor,  of 
Ohio,  and  the  Hon.  C.  B.  Landis,  of  Indiana,  and,  not- 
withstanding radical  differences  of  political  opinions, 
they  are  among  my  closest  friends. 

Debating  on  the  circuit  brings  men  into  very  close  rela- 
tionship. The  newspaper  wits  have  a  way  of  under- 
taking to  make  the  Chautauqua  lecturers  the  butt  of 
their  jokes.  There  is,  however,  this  much  to  be  said 
about  lecture  money.  It  is  clean  money;  you  do  not  have 


[130] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CLARK,  OF  MISSOURI 


to  explain  where  you  got  it,  or  how  you  got  it,  or  when 
you  got  it.  In  addition  to  that,  the  lecture  business, 
which  flourished  very  much  from  about  1855  to  1865 
and  then  died  out  almost  entirely,  taking  a  new  start 
with  these  Chautauquas,  has  been  a  great  educational 
force  in  the  country,  and  the  Chautauqua  business  espe- 
cially has  been  of  vast  influence  in  that  regard.  Some 
of  the  most  distinguished  men  in  both  Houses  of  Con- 
gress have  tried  their  hands  at  it,  with  varying  degrees 
of  success. 

I  was  a  guest  in  Senator  DOLLIVER'S  house.  I  enjoyed 
the  hearty  hospitality  of  himself  and  wife.  I  roamed 
with  him  over  his  fine  farm  up  on  the  bluifs,  consisting 
of  400  or  500  acres  of  as  rich  land  as  the  sun  ever  shone 
on.  He  took  a  great  deal  of  pride  in  the  fact  that  the 
farm  had  at  one  time  belonged  to  Gov.  Carpenter.  He 
was  genial;  he  was  companionable;  he  was  handsome; 
he  was  true  as  steel  to  his  friends. 

It  may  or  may  not  be  known  to  some  people  that  he 
came  very  near  being  President  of  the  United  States. 
There  has  been  a  great  deal  of  dispute  about  what  hap- 
pened down  at  Philadelphia  in  1900  at  that  Republican 
convention.  Of  course,  I  do  not  undertake  to  say  exactly 
what  did  happen  or  all  that  happened.  I  will  tell  what  I 
believe,  and  I  believe  it  on  the  very  best  authority,  too,  and 
that  is  if  Col.  Roosevelt  had  adhered  to  his  declared  inten- 
tion of  not  accepting  the  vice  presidential  nomination, 
without  doubt  JONATHAN  P.  DOLLIVER  would  have  been 
nominated  almost  by  acclamation.  Of  course  if  he  had 
been,  he  would  have  been  elected  along  with  McKinley 
and  would  have  succeeded  to  the  Presidency  of  the  United 
States.  That  he  would  have  made  an  intelligent  and 
patriotic  President  I  have  no  doubt. 

When  he  and  I  were  debating  at  the  Chautauquas  and 
in  the  lecture  courses  he  was  a  great  deal  more  of  an 

[131] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

orator  than  he  was  a  debater.  There  is  a  vast  difference 
between  an  orator  and  a  debater.  A  man  may  be  both, 
but  he  is  lucky  if  he  is  either.  I  think  in  the  hour  and  a 
quarter's  speecli  that  he  delivered  in  those  debates  there 
were  two  or  three  sections  of  10  minutes  each  which 
would  have  graced  the  speech  books,  which  is  the  highest 
tribute  I  know  how  to  pay  to  his  eloquence.  He  lived, 
however,  to  become  one  of  the  foremost  debaters  in  the 
land,  and,  strange  to  say,  he  became  a  debater  in  the  last 
year  or  two  of  his  life. 

I  am  not  going  to  trench  upon  the  dangerous  ground  of 
political  differences  in  this  talk,  except  so  far  as  it  may  be 
necessary  to  illumine  his  life.  My  own  judgment  about  it 
is  that,  considered  solely  with  relation  to  DOLLIVER'S  fame 
as  a  debater  and  thinker,  the  best  thing  that  ever  hap- 
pened to  him  was  that  Senator  Aldrich  and  the  men  who 
made  up  the  Finance  Committee  of  the  Senate  refused  to 
place  him  on  it.  That  put  him  on  his  mettle.  He  was 
determined  to  show  the  men  who  did  that  that  he  knew 
something  about  the  tariff  question  and  could  debate  with 
the  best  of  them.  He  employed  an  expert  on  tariff  facts, 
paying  him  out  of  his  own  pocket,  and  the  expert  ren- 
dered him  very  valuable  services,  and  I  believe  it  is  en- 
tirely within  the  range  of  truth  to  say  that  DOLLIVER'S 
speeches  in  the  Senate  in  the  last  18  months  of  his  life  are 
among  the  finest  specimens  of  congressional  debating  that 
have  taken  place  in  the  last  20  years. 

I  have  said  time  and  again — I  have  said  it  in  this  House: 
I  have  said  it  on  the  stump;  I  have  said  it  in  private  con- 
versation— that  the  last  speech,  the  long  speech  which 
Senator  DOLLIVER  delivered  on  that  tariff  bill  10  months 
after  it  was  passed  in  the  spring  of  1910,  as  a  sample  of 
oratory,  of  eloquence,  of  wit,  of  humor,  of  sarcasm,  of 
learning,  has  not  been  exceeded  in  either  branch  of  Con- 
gress in  a  generation.  There  are  parts  of  it  equal  in  irony 

[132] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  CLARK,  OF  MISSOURI 


to  anything  that  Junius  wrote.  There  are  bits  of  it  equal 
in  wit  to  anything  that  Sydney  Smith  ever  said.  There 
are  certain  parts  and  passages  of  it  equal  in  humor  to 
Mark  Twain  at  his  best.  There  are  certain  parts  of  it  as 
philosophical  as  Lord  Bacon's  essays,  and  taken  alto- 
gether it  is  a  splendid  monument  to  the  man's  memory. 

I  had  a  rather  curious  experience  with  him  about  it. 
When  I  made  the  1  hour  and  20  minutes'  speech  here  in 
May,  1910,  in  reply  to  Mr.  Chairman  Payne,  1  quoted  from 
that  speech  of  Senator  DOLLIVER'S  very  liberally.  A  few 
days  afterwards  I  was  over  in  the  Senate,  and  I  told  him 
that  he  was  an  ungrateful  kind  of  statesman.  He  wanted 
to  know  why.  I  replied  that  I  had  quoted  his  speech  very 
elaborately  in  the  House,  and  that  it  seemed  to  me  he 
ought  to  thank  me  for  it;  that  it  gave  him  a  great  adver- 
tisement; and  that  he  never  had  thanked  me  for  it.  He 
looked  at  me  in  a  quizzical  sort  of  way  and  said  that  he 
was  not  absolutely  certain  that  the  fact  that  I  had  quoted 
from  his  speeches  and  had  passed  eulogies  upon  his  pres- 
ent views  would  be  of  any  advantage  to  him  ultimately  in 
a  political  way. 

In  that  same  conversation  he  startled  me  by  telling  me 
that  he  was  in  a  very  bad  condition  physically;  that  he 
was  extremely  anxious  and  uneasy  about  himself. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  was  an  enthusiast  by  nature.  He  was 
a  Methodist,  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  principles  of  the 
Christian  religion  as  expounded  by  the  Methodists.  In 
politics  he  was  a  thoroughgoing  Republican,  born  and 
reared  in  a  Republican  household,  a  Republican  all  his 
days.  He  was  a  patriot  to  the  core.  I  never  knew  a  man 
who  loved  his  country  with  greater  devotion  than  he  did. 
He  seemed  destined  for  a  long  life.  He  cut  a  splendid 
figure  in  this  House.  He  cut  a  splendid  figure  in  the 
Senate.  It  does  not  necessarily  follow,  and  in  a  great 
many  cases  it  does  not  follow,  that  because  a  man  is  a 

[133] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

shining  light  in  the  House  he  is  sure  to  succeed  equally 
well  in  the  Senate.  But  he  succeeded  equally  well  in 
both.  He  was  stricken  down  in  the  very  prime  of  life,  at 
the  meridian  of  his  fame.  He  now  takes  his  place  in  the 
goodly  company  of  distinguished  men  whom  Iowa  has 
contributed  to  the  service,  the  honor,  and  the  glory  of  the 
Republic. 


[134] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  HAUGEN,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  In  accord  with  time-honored  custom  we 
are  here  to-day  to  speak  in  memory  of  the  life,  character, 
and  work  of  one  of  Iowa's  most  beloved  and  distinguished 
citizens,  one  who  for  20  years  was  a  beloved  and  honored 
Member  of  this  House  and  Senate;  one  endowed  with 
lofty  ideals;  a  character  of  the  highest  type,  founded  on 
integrity;  one  with  unusual  talent,  fortified  with  a  wealth 
of  learning.  He  as  a  young  man  entered  the  public 
service  with  zeal,  integrity,  character,  ability,  and  con- 
science, rectitude  of  purpose,  dominated  by  noble  and 
lofty  ideals,  with  firm  determination  to  do  justice  and 
right,  to  serve  his  country  and  fellow  men. 

Having  served  with  Senator  DOLLIVER  in  this  House, 
having  lived  in  his  home,  and  having  studied  his  grand 
life  and  character,  I  got  to  know  him  well,  and  the  better 
I  knew  him  the  more  I  admired  him  and  the  more  I  loved 
him.  I  knew  of  his  bright  life,  his  pure  character,  his 
devotion  to  truth,  his  many  grand  and  noble  qualities 
manifested  in  his  every  walk  of  life,  both  public  and 
private.  In  his  Christian  home  he  lived  a  pure,  bright, 
and  grand  life,  a  most  devoted  husband  and  a  patient  and 
affectionate  father,  generous,  considerate,  and  helpful  to 
others,  always  ready  to  lend  a  helping  hand,  a  man  with 
keen,  clean,  clear,  and  sound  mind,  blessed  with  extraor- 
dinary intelligence  and  power  of  conception,  a  student, 
a  thinker,  and  a  most  untiring  worker.  There  seemed  to 
be  no  limit  and  no  end  to  his  industry  and  research.  In 

[135] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

his  home,  in  his  office,  in  the  Senate  Chamber,  from  early 
morning  to  late  at  night  he  toiled.  Among  the  most 
pleasant  hours  of  my  life  are  those  spent  in  his  company. 
Nearly  every  night,  after  his  day's  work,  he  would  join 
the  circle  around  the  fireplace  to  cheer,  to  enlighten,  and 
entertain.  He  possessed  a  wonderful  fund  of  knowledge 
and  wide  range  of  information  not  only  on  public  ques- 
tions, but  he  spoke  with  readiness  and  fluency  on  any 
subject  he  took  up  and  discussed.  His  remarks  on  any 
subject  were  not  only  illuminating  and  brilliant  but 
always  instructive  and  interesting  in  the  highest  degree. 
Every  thought  and  utterance  was  fresh  and  refreshing. 
We  all  found  in  him  something  to  learn.  Uppermost  in 
his  mind  and  his  heart  was  his  God,  the  people,  and 
country  he  so  dearly  loved.  Every  act  and  purpose  was 
patriotic.  He  was  eminently  a  talented  and  lovable  man. 
In  his  modest,  unassuming  way,  his  kindness  and  strong 
mind  and  character,  his  sympathy  and  unceasing  industry 
he  fought  his  way  up  in  the  world  and  attained  the  high 
and  exalted  position  which  he  occupied  at  the  time  of 
his  death. 

At  the  age  of  31,  in  1888,  he  was  elected,  and  in  1889  he 
became  a  Member  of  Congress,  and  August  2,  1900,  with 
11  years  of  distinguished  and  faithful  service  to  his 
country,  here  in  the  House,  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Senator,  and  twice  elected  by  the  legislature  of 
his  State. 

No  man  ever  entered  public  life  better  fortified  and 
equipped  as  a  legislator.  His  work,  especially  in  the 
last  years  of  his  service,  showed  that  it  meant  little  to 
him  whether  many  or  few  shared  in  his  views.  If  he  felt 
that  he  was  right,  that  was  all  sufficient  to  him.  That 
was  his  guiding  star,  and  when  fully  convinced  that  he 
was  right  he  would  go  straight  forward  with  a  courage 
that  never  faltered  and  with  earnestness,  sincerity,  and 

[136] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  HAUGEN,  OF  IOWA 


clearness  he  would  point  out  what  to  him  seemed  the 
right  course.  He  seemed  to  have  knowledge  of  every 
proposition  before  Congress,  its  scope  and  object,  and 
whenever  any  important  question  arose  concerning  the 
welfare  of  his  people  and  country  he  never  flinched, 
shrunk,  or  forgot  his  responsibility.  He  was  always 
found  in  the  foremost  ranks  championing  the  cause  of 
liberty  and  for  what  seemed  just  and  right  to  him,  and 
with  his  power  of  speech  and  eloquence  he  moved  his 
audience  to  tears  and  applause.  With  his  mine  of  knowl- 
edge, his  power  of  comprehension,  his  forceful  and  log- 
ical presentation  of  facts,  he  always  received  the  closest 
attention  and  his  speeches  proved  most  effective.  He 
rarely  attempted  to  speak  without  preparation.  Gener- 
ally his  speeches  were  prepared  with  the  greatest  of  care, 
and  the  ideas,  style,  thought,  and  arrangement  of  his 
speeches  were  the  result  of  his  skill  and  hard  work.  But 
fortified  as  he  was  with  a  wealth  of  learning  and  knowl- 
edge of  public  affairs,  acquired  by  experience  and  con- 
stant and  persistent  study,  without  previous  preparation 
he  would,  at  times,  speak  for  hours  with  fluency,  master- 
ing the  subject  discussed  with  force,  clearness,  and  elo- 
quence, and  in  these  master  efforts  it  seems  that  all  that 
was  necessary  for  him  to  do  was  to  reach  out  into  that 
ocean  of  eloquence  and  information  he  had  stored  away 
to  pick  out  one  gem  after  the  other,  and  for  hours  he 
would  deal  out  sledgehammer  blows  with  a  most  power- 
ful and  unceasing  eloquence. 

DOLLIVER  was  not  a  politician  or  an  organizer.  As  an 
orator  of  his  day  he  had  no  superior.  Iowa  has  been 
blessed  in  orators,  statesmen,  and  public  men.  Of  them 
all,  Senator  DOLLIVER  achieved  the  widest  and  most 
enduring  fame.  No  man  in  public  life  rendered  to  the 
Republic  more  patriotic,  faithful,  and  eminent  service 
than  did  Senator  DOLLIVER. 


[137] 


MEMORIAL  ADDRESSES:  SENATOR  DOLLIVER 

When  we  review  his  career  for  zeal,  faithfulness,  his 
noble  and  upright  life;  what  he  did  and  sought  to  do  for 
the  good  of  humanity  and  his  country;  his  conception  of 
the  high  purpose  of  Government;  truly  it  can  be  said  that 
he  was  an  honor  to  his  State  and  to  the  House  and  Senate. 

Senator  DOLLIVER  commanded,  not  only  public  con- 
fidence, but  the  love,  respect,  and  affection  of  all  who 
knew  him.  The  depth  of  feeling  of  his  neighbors  and 
friends  was  manifested  in  the  large  concourse  of  people 
at  his  funeral.  We  saw  the  large  auditorium  and  streets 
filled  with  men  and  women,  old  and  young,  black  and 
white,  from  near  and  far,  assembled  there  in  testimony 
of  their  deep  affection  and  to  do  honor  to  his  memory. 
Here,  where  he  had  lived  the  greater  part  of  his  life  and 
where  they  knew  him  best,  they  loved  him  most.  The 
presence  of  thousands  of  friends  and  neighbors,  the  sor- 
row, the  sermon,  the  eulogies,  the  flowers,  and  expres- 
sions on  every  hand  testified  to  his  greatness,  and  that  a 
faithful  friend  and  upright  citizen  had  passed  away. 


[138] 


ADDRESS  OF  MR.  SMITH,  OF  IOWA 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  In  1884,  when  but  26  years  of  age,  Sen- 
ator DOLLIVER  by  a  single  address  took  his  place  among 
the  great  public  speakers,  not  only  of  Iowa,  but  of  this 
country.  Never,  perhaps,  was  there  such  a  sudden  rise 
to  conspicuous  prominence  by  any  man  in  the  history 
of  that  State.  That  year  he  was  called  to  many  Eastern 
States,  and  his  reputation  immediately  spread  through- 
out the  country.  In  four  years  he  was  elected  to  this 
House  and  remained  here  without  opposition  until  his 
appointment  to  the  Senate. 

I  became  acquainted  with  him  early  in  his  career,  and 
for  many  years  we  were  close  personal  friends.  I  was 
early  impressed  with  the  wonderful  breadth  of  his  read- 
ing, and  particularly  with  the  extent  of  his  knowledge 
of  English  and  American  literature.  This,  without  any 
ostentation  of  learning,  enabled  him  to  illumine  his  con- 
versation and  public  addresses  with  all  the  philosophy 
and  wit  of  all  the  ages. 

He  was  the  most  eloquent  man  ever  produced  by  Iowa, 
and  I  think  I  am  not  influenced  by  any  provincial  spirit 
when  I  say  that  he  was  the  greatest  American  public 
speaker  of  his  time.  His  spontaneous  spirit  and  wide 
reading  made  him  a  most  delightful  associate  and  com- 
panion. Brilliant  as  was  his  public  career,  his  devotion 
to  his  family  was  his  most  admirable  characteristic.  He 
was  a  beloved  son  and  brother,  a  devoted  husband  and 
father,  and  all  those  nearest  and  dearest  to  him  are  en- 
titled to  have  the  sincere  sympathy,  not  only  of  the  peo- 
ple of  Iowa,  but  of  all  the  people  of  the  United  States, 
because,  before  his  sun  had  reached  its  high  meridian 
and,  turning,  cast  shadows  toward  the  east,  his  sky  was 
darkened  and  his  day  was  done. 


[139] 


